{"doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiac263","title":"Anti-membrane Antibodies Persist at Least One Year and Discriminate Between Past Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection and Vaccination","abstract":"BACKGROUND: The consequences of past coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection for personal and population health are emerging, but accurately identifying distant infection is a challenge. Anti-spike antibodies rise after both vaccination and infection and anti-nucleocapsid antibodies rapidly decline. METHODS: We evaluated anti-membrane antibodies in COVID-19 naive, vaccinated, and convalescent subjects to determine if they persist and accurately detect distant infection. RESULTS: We found that anti-membrane antibodies persist for at least 1 year and are a sensitive and specific marker of past COVID-19 infection. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, anti-membrane and anti-spike antibodies together can differentiate between COVID-19 convalescent, vaccinated, and naive states to advance public health and research.","journal":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","year":2022,"id":257618,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":18,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9629,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":813852,"name":"Ryan R. Adyniec","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":813323,"name":"Srishti Gupta","orcid":"0000-0002-6808-7005","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":811033,"name":"S. Janna Bashar","orcid":"0000-0003-0779-1530","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":759760,"name":"Aisha M. Mergaert","orcid":"0000-0002-8177-9161","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":333882,"name":"Katarina M. Braun","orcid":"0000-0003-3612-9319","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":333881,"name":"Gage K. Moreno","orcid":"0000-0003-4738-5318","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":246460,"name":"David H. O’Connor","orcid":"0000-0003-2139-470X","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":332162,"name":"Thomas C. Friedrich","orcid":"0000-0001-9831-6895","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":226785,"name":"Nasia Safdar","orcid":"0000-0003-3946-0437","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":468973,"name":"Sara S. McCoy","orcid":"0000-0002-5293-4185","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":342390,"name":"Miriam A. Shelef","orcid":"0000-0002-8842-0303","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":555937,"name":"Maya F. Amjadi","orcid":"0000-0003-3825-3495","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":15,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T00:25:34.440699Z","pmid":"35758987","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}