{"doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiab545","title":"Urban Particulate Matter Impairment of Airway Surface Liquid–Mediated Coronavirus Inactivation","abstract":"Air pollution particulate matter (PM) is associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and severity, although mechanistic studies are lacking. We tested whether airway surface liquid (ASL) from primary human airway epithelial cells is antiviral against SARS-CoV-2 and human alphacoronavirus 229E (CoV-229E) (responsible for common colds), and whether PM (urban, indoor air pollution [IAP], volcanic ash) affected ASL antiviral activity. ASL inactivated SARS-CoV-2 and CoV-229E. Independently, urban PM also decreased SARS-CoV-2 and CoV-229E infection, and IAP PM decreased CoV-229E infection. However, in combination, urban PM impaired ASL's antiviral activity against both viruses, and the same effect occurred for IAP PM and ash against SARS-CoV-2, suggesting that PM may enhance SARS-CoV-2 infection.","journal":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","year":2021,"id":202950,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":6,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9583,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":497564,"name":"Jennifer L. Welch","orcid":"0000-0003-2725-9875","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":784196,"name":"Erika A Ubeda","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":497565,"name":"Jinhua Xiang","orcid":"0000-0002-8512-8278","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":441919,"name":"Joseph Zabner","orcid":"0000-0002-9606-1339","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":413457,"name":"Ian M. Thornell","orcid":"0000-0001-5535-2925","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":783581,"name":"Matthew W. Nonnenmann","orcid":"0000-0001-8920-1877","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":332249,"name":"Jack T. Stapleton","orcid":"0000-0002-2302-9055","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":452267,"name":"Alejandro P Comellas","orcid":null,"position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":413455,"name":"Emma M. Stapleton","orcid":"0000-0003-4565-094X","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":17,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:51:14.206397Z","pmid":"34734257","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}