{"doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiab334","title":"Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus Among Women Older than Recommended Age for Vaccination by Birth Cohort, United States 2003‒2016","abstract":"BACKGROUND: Apparent associations between human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence and age observed in cross-sectional studies could be misleading if cohort effects influence HPV detection. METHODS: Using data from 2003-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, we evaluated overall and 10-year birth cohort-specific cervicovaginal HPV prevalence estimates (any, high-risk [HR], and non-HR) by 3-year age group among 27 to 59-year-old women born in 1950-1979. Average percent changes (APC) in HPV prevalence by 3-year age were calculated. RESULTS: Overall, prevalence of any HPV declined from 49.9% in 27-29 year olds to 33.8% in 57-59 year olds (APC, -2.82% per 3-year age group; 95% confidence interval [CI], -4.02% to -1.60%) as did prevalence of HR-HPV (APC, -6.19%; 95% CI, -8.09% to -4.26%) and non-HR-HPV (APC, -2.00%; 95% CI, -3.48% to -.51%). By birth cohort, declines by age group were seen in prevalences of any HPV, HR-HPV, and non-HR-HPV for those born in the 1950s and 1970s and in any HPV and HR-HPV for those born in the 1960s (APC range, -14.08% to 0.06%). CONCLUSIONS: Declines in HPV prevalence with age in these cross-sectional surveys cannot be explained by birth cohort differences alone, as associations were observed across all birth cohorts.","journal":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","year":2021,"id":193996,"datarank":0.3596842909197557,"base_score":2.3978952727983707,"endowment":2.3978952727983707,"self_citation_contribution":0.3596842909197557,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.3596842909197557,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":10,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.7375,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":225715,"name":"Julia W. Gargano","orcid":"0000-0001-9976-178X","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":615700,"name":"Rayleen M. Lewis","orcid":"0000-0002-2603-9494","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":355570,"name":"Troy D. Querec","orcid":"0000-0002-3787-6271","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":355575,"name":"Elizabeth R. Unger","orcid":"0000-0002-2925-5635","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":356926,"name":"Robert A. Bednarczyk","orcid":"0000-0002-6812-0928","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":355576,"name":"Lauri E. Markowitz","orcid":"0000-0002-2480-9520","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":763816,"name":"Kristin Vahle","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":32,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:49:55.282992Z","pmid":"34161559","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}