{"doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiab113","title":"Expression of Surfactant Protein D Distinguishes Severe Pandemic Influenza A(H1N1) from Coronavirus Disease 2019","abstract":"The differentiation between influenza and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) could constitute a diagnostic challenge during the ongoing winter owing to their clinical similitude. Thus, novel biomarkers are required to enable making this distinction. Here, we evaluated whether the surfactant protein D (SP-D), a collectin produced at the alveolar epithelium with known immune properties, was useful to differentiate pandemic influenza A(H1N1) from COVID-19 in critically ill patients. Our results revealed high serum SP-D levels in patients with severe pandemic influenza but not those with COVID-19. This finding was validated in a separate cohort of mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19 who also showed low plasma SP-D levels. However, plasma SP-D levels did not distinguish seasonal influenza from COVID-19 in mild-to-moderate disease. Finally, we found that high serum SP-D levels were associated with death and renal failure among severe pandemic influenza cases. Thus, our studies have identified SP-D as a unique biomarker expressed during severe pandemic influenza but not COVID-19.","journal":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","year":2021,"id":177160,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":20,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9601,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":259056,"name":"Luis Jiménez-Álvarez","orcid":"0000-0002-5326-2720","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":412818,"name":"Gustavo Ramírez-Martínez","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":259055,"name":"Alfredo Cruz‐Lagunas","orcid":"0000-0001-5487-5919","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":614788,"name":"Mahima Thapa","orcid":"0009-0006-8953-1677","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":246484,"name":"Luis Alejandro Fernández-López","orcid":"0000-0002-8680-1751","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":720742,"name":"Martha Carnalla","orcid":"0000-0003-1427-2915","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":720743,"name":"Eduardo M. 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