{"doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiab035","title":"Immune Profiling to Determine Early Disease Trajectories Associated With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Mortality Rate: A Substudy from the ACTT-1 Trial","abstract":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes are linked to host immune responses and may be affected by antiviral therapy. We investigated antibody and cytokine responses in ACTT-1 study participants enrolled at our center. We studied serum specimens from 19 hospitalized adults with COVID-19 randomized to treatment with remdesivir or placebo. We assessed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 antibody responses and identified cytokine signatures, using hierarchical clustering. We identified no clear immunologic trends attributable to remdesivir treatment. Seven participants were initially seronegative at study enrollment, and all 4 deaths occurred in this group with more recent symptom onset. We identified 3 dominant cytokine signatures, demonstrating different disease trajectories.","journal":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","year":2021,"id":208121,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":3,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9559,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":343245,"name":"Abigail R. Gress","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":794708,"name":"Samuel D Libby","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":794709,"name":"Christine E. Ronayne","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":341868,"name":"William E. Matchett","orcid":"0000-0001-7515-2226","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":794710,"name":"Brooke Noren","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":104994,"name":"Joanne Billings","orcid":"0000-0002-9513-4057","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":105316,"name":"Vineet D. Menachery","orcid":"0000-0001-8803-7606","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":266263,"name":"Ryan A. Langlois","orcid":"0000-0002-0515-571X","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":103434,"name":"Susan Kline","orcid":"0000-0001-7954-2926","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":341870,"name":"Tyler D. Bold","orcid":"0000-0001-7360-6546","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":341867,"name":"Joshua M. Thiede","orcid":"0000-0002-6603-281X","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":14,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:51:53.662668Z","pmid":"33476387","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}