{"doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaa698","title":"Association of Inhibitory Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptor Ligands With Higher <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> Parasite Prevalence","abstract":"Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) and their HLA ligands influence the outcome of many infectious diseases. We analyzed the relationship of compound KIR-HLA genotypes with risk of Plasmodium falciparum infection in a longitudinal cohort of 890 Ugandan individuals. We found that presence of HLA-C2 and HLA-Bw4, ligands for inhibitory KIR2DL1 and KIR3DL1, respectively, increased the likelihood of P. falciparum parasitemia in an additive manner. Individuals homozygous for HLA-C2, which mediates strong inhibition via KIR2DL1, had the highest odds of parasitemia, HLA-C1/C2 heterozygotes had intermediate odds, and individuals homozygous for HLA-C1, which mediates weaker inhibition through KIR2DL2/3, had the lowest odds of parasitemia. In addition, higher surface expression of HLA-C, the ligand for inhibitory KIR2DL1/2/3, was associated with a higher likelihood of parasitemia. Together these data indicate that stronger KIR-mediated inhibition confers a higher risk of P. falciparum parasitemia and suggest that KIR-expressing effector cells play a role in mediating antiparasite immunity.","journal":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","year":2020,"id":87810,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":11,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9675,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":235408,"name":"Perri C. Callaway","orcid":"0000-0002-5135-0698","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":445866,"name":"Maureen P. Martin","orcid":"0000-0002-0990-3500","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":348808,"name":"George W. Nelson","orcid":"0000-0003-1075-8459","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":292647,"name":"Mathias Viard","orcid":"0000-0002-1737-8021","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":298999,"name":"John Rek","orcid":"0000-0003-4063-0763","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":298998,"name":"Emmanuel Arinaitwe","orcid":"0000-0002-9769-0348","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":242454,"name":"Grant Dorsey","orcid":"0000-0003-0740-0317","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":242453,"name":"Moses R. Kamya","orcid":"0000-0001-9106-4234","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":37727,"name":"Mary Carrington","orcid":"0000-0002-2692-2180","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":107136,"name":"Isabel Rodríguez-Barraquer","orcid":"0000-0001-6784-1021","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":443234,"name":"Margaret E. Feeney","orcid":"0000-0002-2515-2989","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":445865,"name":"Jean Digitale","orcid":"0000-0002-6909-8478","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":53,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T22:00:29.831859Z","pmid":"33165540","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}