{"doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaa549","title":"Effect of Water, Sanitation, Handwashing, and Nutrition Interventions on Enteropathogens in Children 14 Months Old: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial in Rural Bangladesh","abstract":"BACKGROUND: We evaluated the impact of low-cost water, sanitation, handwashing (WSH) and child nutrition interventions on enteropathogen carriage in the WASH Benefits cluster-randomized controlled trial in rural Bangladesh. METHODS: We analyzed 1411 routine fecal samples from children 14±2 months old in the WSH (n = 369), nutrition counseling plus lipid-based nutrient supplement (n = 353), nutrition plus WSH (n = 360), and control (n = 329) arms for 34 enteropathogens using quantitative PCR. Outcomes included the number of co-occurring pathogens; cumulative quantity of four stunting-associated pathogens; and prevalence and quantity of individual pathogens. Masked analysis was by intention-to-treat. RESULTS: 326 (99.1%) control children had one or more enteropathogens detected (mean 3.8±1.8). Children receiving WSH interventions had lower prevalence and quantity of individual viruses than controls (prevalence difference for norovirus: -11% [95% confidence interval [CI], -5 to -17%]; sapovirus: -9% [95%CI, -3 to -15%]; and adenovirus 40/41: -9% [95%CI, -2 to - 15%]). There was no difference in bacteria, parasites, or cumulative quantity of stunting-associated pathogens between controls and any intervention arm. CONCLUSIONS: WSH interventions were associated with fewer enteric viruses in children aged 14 months. Different strategies are needed to reduce enteric bacteria and parasites at this critical young age.","journal":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","year":2020,"id":62127,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":53,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.5771,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":328636,"name":"Audrie Lin","orcid":"0000-0002-3877-3469","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":328637,"name":"Md Abdul Karim","orcid":"0000-0002-7866-761X","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":328638,"name":"Md Ohedul Islam","orcid":"0000-0002-3403-6736","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":330176,"name":"Rana Miah","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":328639,"name":"Benjamin F. Arnold","orcid":"0000-0001-6105-7295","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":289241,"name":"Elizabeth T. Rogawski McQuade","orcid":"0000-0002-4942-3747","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":328640,"name":"Shahjahan Ali","orcid":"0000-0003-3883-1208","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":328641,"name":"Md Ziaur Rahman","orcid":"0000-0002-8058-4602","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":328642,"name":"Zahir Hussain","orcid":"0000-0002-3184-7808","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":328643,"name":"Abul K. Shoab","orcid":"0000-0002-6497-1661","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":330177,"name":"Syeda L Famida","orcid":null,"position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":330178,"name":"Md Saheen Hossen","orcid":null,"position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":330179,"name":"Palash Mutsuddi","orcid":null,"position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":328644,"name":"Mahbubur Rahman","orcid":"0000-0003-0520-2683","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":328645,"name":"Leanne Unicomb","orcid":"0000-0002-7757-5641","position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":289251,"name":"Rashidul Haque","orcid":"0000-0001-5100-136X","position":16,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":330180,"name":"Mami Taniuchi","orcid":null,"position":17,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":289247,"name":"Jie Liu","orcid":"0000-0003-2658-5249","position":18,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":289244,"name":"James A Platts-Mills","orcid":"0000-0002-4956-0418","position":19,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":31864,"name":"Susan Holmes","orcid":"0000-0002-2208-8168","position":20,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":328646,"name":"Christine P. Stewart","orcid":"0000-0003-4575-8571","position":21,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":328647,"name":"Jade Benjamin‐Chung","orcid":"0000-0003-3631-3132","position":22,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":328648,"name":"John M. Colford","orcid":"0000-0002-3288-6956","position":23,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":289258,"name":"Eric R. Houpt","orcid":"0000-0003-1085-1354","position":24,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":328649,"name":"Stephen P. Luby","orcid":"0000-0001-5385-899X","position":25,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":328635,"name":"Jessica A. Grembi","orcid":"0000-0001-6142-4913","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":56,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T21:10:11.612909Z","pmid":"32861214","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}