{"doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaa501","title":"Upsurge of Conjugate Vaccine Serotype 4 Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Clusters Among Adults Experiencing Homelessness in California, Colorado, and New Mexico","abstract":"After 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction in the United States in 2000, invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) due to serotype 4 greatly decreased in children and adults. Starting in 2013, serotype 4 IPD incidence increased among adults within 3 of 10 Active Bacterial Core surveillance sites. Of 325 serotype 4 cases among adults in 2010-2018, 36% were persons experiencing homelessness (PEH); incidence of serotype 4 IPD among PEH was 100-300 times higher than in the general population within these 3 areas. Genome sequencing for isolates recovered 2015-2018 (n = 246), revealed that increases in serotype 4 IPD were driven by lineages ST10172, ST244, and ST695. Within each lineage, clusters of near-identical isolates indicated close temporal relatedness. Increases in serotype 4 IPD were limited to Colorado, California, and New Mexico, with highest increases among PEH, who were at increased risk for exposure to and infections caused by these strains.","journal":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","year":2020,"id":61587,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":56,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9526,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":327419,"name":"Hollis Walker","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":325537,"name":"Theresa Tran","orcid":"0000-0002-5247-7797","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":281654,"name":"Zhongya Li","orcid":"0000-0003-1247-2059","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":327420,"name":"Jasmine Varghese","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":228835,"name":"Lesley McGee","orcid":"0000-0001-8214-921X","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":325538,"name":"Yuan Li","orcid":"0000-0002-2331-2694","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":281655,"name":"Benjamin J. Metcalf","orcid":"0000-0002-9628-2051","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":327421,"name":"Ryan Gierke","orcid":null,"position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":325539,"name":"Emily Mosites","orcid":"0000-0002-2968-9564","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":281653,"name":"Sopio Chochua","orcid":"0000-0001-8222-7353","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":327422,"name":"Tamara Pilishvili","orcid":null,"position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":281658,"name":"Bernard Beall","orcid":"0000-0001-5315-1070","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":22,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T21:09:47.114172Z","pmid":"32798216","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}