{"doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaa426","title":"Symptoms, Infection Duration, and Hemagglutinin Inhibition Antibody Response in Influenza A Infections","abstract":"BACKGROUND: Many influenza studies assume that symptomatic and asymptomatic cases have equivalent antibody responses. METHODS: This study examines the relationship between influenza symptoms and serological response. Influenza-positive index cases and household members in Managua, Nicaragua, during 2012-2017 were categorized by symptom status. RESULTS: Antibody response was assessed using hemagglutination inhibition assays (HAI). Among 510 cases, 74.5% had ≥4-fold increase in HAI antibodies, and 75.3% had febrile illness. In a logistic regression model, febrile cases had 2.17 times higher odds of a ≥4-fold titer rise compared to asymptomatic cases (95% confidence interval, 1.02-4.64). CONCLUSIONS: Studies relying on serological assays may not generalize to asymptomatic infections.","journal":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","year":2020,"id":74705,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":8,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9644,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":264322,"name":"Abram L. Wagner","orcid":"0000-0003-4691-7802","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":236673,"name":"Ángel Balmaseda","orcid":"0000-0003-1174-4235","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":236668,"name":"Nery Sánchez","orcid":"0000-0002-0070-3895","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":391633,"name":"Mayuri Patel","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":390629,"name":"Roger López","orcid":"0000-0002-1091-5955","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":236665,"name":"Amy Schiller","orcid":"0000-0002-1000-3665","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":236667,"name":"Sergio Ojeda","orcid":"0000-0003-2512-2306","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":390630,"name":"Aaron M. Frutos","orcid":"0000-0001-6948-3918","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":236672,"name":"Guillermina Kuan","orcid":"0000-0002-5251-173X","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":227052,"name":"Aubree Gordon","orcid":"0000-0002-9352-7877","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":391632,"name":"Alexandria D Tricoche","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":15,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T21:46:11.663457Z","pmid":"32668454","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}