{"doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaa347","title":"IL-10 and Its Related Superfamily Members IL-19 and IL-24 Provide Parallel/Redundant Immune-Modulation in <i>Loa loa</i> Infection","abstract":"BACKGROUND: Interleukin-10 (IL-10) has been implicated as the major cytokine responsible for the modulation of parasite-specific responses in filarial infections; however, the role of other IL-10 superfamily members in filarial infection is less well studied. METHODS: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from loiasis patients were stimulated with or without filarial antigen. Cytokine production was quantified using a Luminex platform and T-cell expression patterns were assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: All patients produced significant levels of IL-10, IL-13, IL-5, IL-4, and IL-9 in response to filarial antigen, indicating a common infection-driven response. When comparing microfilaria (mf)-positive and mf-negative patients, there were no significant differences in spontaneous cytokine nor in parasite-driven IL-10, IL-22, or IL-28a production. In marked contrast, mf-positive individuals had significantly increased filarial antigen-driven IL-24 and IL-19 compared to mf-negative subjects. mf-positive patients also demonstrated significantly higher frequencies of T cells producing IL-19 in comparison to mf-negative patients. T-cell expression of IL-19 and IL-24 was positively regulated by IL-10 and IL-1β. IL-24 production was also regulated by IL-37. CONCLUSION: These data provide an important link between IL-10 and its related family members IL-19 and IL-24 in the modulation of the immune response in human filarial infections. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: NCT00001230.","journal":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","year":2020,"id":82023,"datarank":0.6033810529694178,"base_score":2.639057329615259,"endowment":2.639057329615259,"self_citation_contribution":0.3958585994422889,"citation_network_contribution":0.20752245352712892,"self_endowment_contribution":0.3958585994422889,"citer_contribution":0.20752245352712892,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":13,"citer_count":12,"citers_with_citation_signal":9,"citers_with_endowment":9,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9661,"is_data_producer":true,"deposit_databanks":{"ClinicalTrials.gov":["NCT00001230"]},"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":287794,"name":"Thomas B. Nutman","orcid":"0000-0001-6887-4941","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":423742,"name":"Alessandra Ricciardi","orcid":"0000-0002-5005-7879","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":37,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T21:53:19.932222Z","pmid":"32561912","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}