{"doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaa088","title":"Calcaneal Quantitative Ultrasonography and Urinary Retinol-Binding Protein in Antiretroviral-Treated Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Uganda: A Pilot Study","abstract":"BACKGROUND: Data on bone health and renal impairment in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in resource-limited settings are limited. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of calcaneal quantitative ultrasonography (QUS) in predicting bone mineral density (BMD) reduction in a population of Ugandan HIV-infected individuals receiving long-term antiretroviral therapy; the secondary end point was to assess the prevalence of proximal tubular dysfunction and the correlation between elevated urinary retinol-binding protein-urinary creatinine ratio (uRBP/uCr) and reduced BMD. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study at the Infectious Diseases Institute, Kampala, Uganda. We included 101 HIV-infected adults who had been receiving continuous antiretroviral therapy for ≥10 years and had undergone dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) during the previous 12 months. All patients underwent calcaneal QUS evaluation and urine sample collection. RESULTS: DXA BMD measurements were significantly associated (P < .01) with calcaneal speed of sound, broadband ultrasound attenuation, and QUS index. Forty-seven individuals (47%) had abnormal uRBP/uCr values. A significant inverse correlation was observed between uRBP/uCr and DXA T scores (lumbar [P = .03], femoral neck [P < .001], and total hip [P = .002]). CONCLUSIONS: Calcaneal QUS results showed a moderate correlation with DXA outputs. The identified high prevalence of subclinical tubular impairment also highlights the importance of expanding access to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-sparing regimens in resource-limited settings.","journal":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","year":2020,"id":107114,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":6,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9569,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":515335,"name":"Silvia Scabini","orcid":"0000-0001-6693-7953","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":515907,"name":"Arvind Kaimal","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":515336,"name":"William Kasozi","orcid":"0000-0003-1111-6722","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":515337,"name":"Jessica Cusato","orcid":"0000-0003-1977-9694","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":515908,"name":"Bosco Kafufu","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":515909,"name":"Marco Borderi","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":515338,"name":"Erisa Mwaka","orcid":"0000-0003-1672-9608","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":515910,"name":"Giovanni Di Perri","orcid":null,"position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":366192,"name":"Mohammed Lamorde","orcid":"0000-0003-2218-6822","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":515339,"name":"Andrea Calcagno","orcid":"0000-0003-2534-8815","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":291576,"name":"Barbara Castelnuovo","orcid":"0000-0001-7756-5032","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":515334,"name":"Cecilia Costa","orcid":"0000-0002-2255-1271","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":43,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:12:31.053776Z","pmid":"32112093","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}