{"doi":"10.1093/immhor/vlaf058","title":"Perioperative poly(I:C) reverses accelerated tumor growth after surgery in neuroblastoma","abstract":"Surgery for local control is a cornerstone of anticancer therapy with demonstrated survival benefit. However, surgery-induced modulation of antitumor immunity may also contribute to cancer progression and relapse. Despite evidence for a pro-tumor surgery effect in adult cancers, there remain significant knowledge gaps as to the influence surgery has on recurrence or metastatic outgrowth in pediatric cancers. High-risk neuroblastoma (HR-NB) is the most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood. While almost all children with HR-NB undergo surgery, nearly 50% suffer metastatic relapse and succumb to their disease. To ascertain if surgery may contribute to recurrence in HR-NB, we developed a mouse model to comprehensively interrogate the systemic effect of surgery on distant tumor growth and immune modulation. This model demonstrated that MYCN-amplified HR-NB tumor growth was accelerated by surgery compared to tumor-bearing mice without surgical stress. Accelerated tumor growth was absent in HR-NB cells engrafted to immune deficient mice, suggesting that an intact immune system may be needed for surgery to exert its pro-growth effect on distant tumor cells. Consistent with that genetic ablation model, flow cytometry measured a decrease in splenic macrophages (Mϕ) and dendritic cells (DC) and an increase in myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) after surgery. Perioperative treatment with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] ameliorated surgery-induced tumor growth. These findings provide direct insight into the systemic surgical effect on pediatric solid tumor growth and identify innate immune adjuvants as a potential perioperative treatment to mitigate this effect.","journal":"ImmunoHorizons","year":2025,"id":581058,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":0,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9444,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1249045,"name":"Maria Poimenidou","orcid":"0000-0001-7429-9218","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":489239,"name":"Donna McAllister","orcid":"0000-0001-7332-1292","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":295006,"name":"Michael B. Dwinell","orcid":"0000-0001-5372-633X","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1140583,"name":"Brian T. Craig","orcid":"0000-0002-9066-7305","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":673721,"name":"Chenkai Mao","orcid":"0000-0002-5427-4985","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":41,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:58:47.357782Z","pmid":"41208108","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}