{"doi":"10.1093/immhor/vlaf006","title":"Comprehensive immune profiling of dengue and chikungunya viral responses using a novel miniaturized automated whole blood cellular analysis system and mass cytometry in a pediatric cohort in Msambweni, Kenya","abstract":"Chikungunya (CHIKV) and dengue (DENV) are mosquito-borne viruses that cause severe epidemics, often in remote regions. A limitation to our understanding of these pathogens is the difficulty of performing assays of the cellular immune response. To fill this gap, we developed a novel miniaturized automated system capable of processing 250 μl of whole blood for high-throughput cellular analysis. In a field study with a pediatric cohort in Msambweni, Kenya, known for previous exposure to CHIKV and/or DENV, we processed 133 whole blood samples using our system under three conditions: no stimulation, and stimulation with CHIKV or DENV peptide pools. These samples underwent CyTOF or flow cytometry analysis to evaluate virus-specific memory T cell responses and phenotypes. CyTOF analysis of 81 participant samples revealed significant cytokine responses to CHIKV and DENV, particularly IFNγ (P < 0.01 and P < 0.0001, respectively) and TNF-α (P < 0.0001) by γδ T cells. Additionally, a significant TNF-α response was observed in the CD8+ TEMRA memory subset to DENV, albeit to a lesser degree than in γδ T cells. To confirm our CyTOF findings, we employed flow cytometry on the remaining 40 samples using a targeted panel, validating significant TNF-α (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.01) and IFN-γ (P < 0.05) responses by γδ T cells to CHIKV and DENV, respectively. Our study demonstrates that our innovative automated system enables detailed assessment of immune function, particularly beneficial in pediatric populations and resource-limited settings with limited sample volumes. This approach holds promise for advancing our understanding of cellular immune responses to various viral and infectious diseases.","journal":"ImmunoHorizons","year":2025,"id":562743,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":0,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9518,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":244711,"name":"Amy Krystosik","orcid":"0000-0001-7944-8876","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":694434,"name":"Matthew B. Hale","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":244714,"name":"Francis Mutuku","orcid":"0000-0002-9000-7008","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":922152,"name":"Jael Sagina Amugongo","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":922153,"name":"Said L. Malumbo","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1465563,"name":"Phillip K Chebii","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":384164,"name":"Priscillah W Maina","orcid":null,"position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1465564,"name":"Kavita Mathi","orcid":null,"position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":351772,"name":"Elysse N. Grossi-Soyster","orcid":"0000-0002-2719-1973","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":412733,"name":"Mary Rieck","orcid":null,"position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":230976,"name":"A. Desirée LaBeaud","orcid":"0000-0001-8364-6867","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":3342,"name":"Holden T. Maecker","orcid":"0000-0003-0795-9946","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":615593,"name":"Sangeeta Kowli","orcid":"0000-0003-0362-572X","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":43,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:56:09.638214Z","pmid":"40048709","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}