{"doi":"10.1093/ije/dyaf067","title":"Newborn blood DNA methylation and childhood asthma: findings from the ECHO program","abstract":"BACKGROUND: DNA methylation (DNAm) at birth has been linked to childhood asthma in epigenome-wide association studies (EWASs). However, existing EWASs have limited representation of non-European and extremely preterm participants and have not explored sex-specific DNAm differences. This study examined the association between DNAm in newborn blood and subsequent childhood asthma risk in a diverse population. METHODS: Data from the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program were used for EWAS meta-analyses in United States (US) cohorts of children born before and after 28 weeks of gestation. DNAm was measured in newborn blood using Illumina arrays. Childhood asthma was defined as provider-diagnosed asthma with persistent symptoms beyond age 5. Linear regression was used to identify differentially methylated positions (DMPs), and \"comb-p\" was used to identify differentially methylated regions (DMRs). Sex-stratified analyses were performed. RESULTS: The meta-analysis included 942 children (369 asthma cases) born after 28 weeks of gestation. We identified a novel DMP (cg24749470 in CADM1, P = 9.31 × 10-8) and 18 DMRs (Šidák P-value <.001) associated with asthma, with four DMRs in the human leukocyte antigen region. At these four DMRs, the association between DNAm and asthma differed by sex. In the extremely preterm cohort (n = 271, 106 asthma cases), we identified 20 DMRs, with two novel asthma-associated DMPs (cg03237868 in SPATA18, P = 2.71 × 10-8; cg20681219 in IRF2, P = 5.18 × 10-8) identified in males. CONCLUSION: In US children born before and after 28 weeks of gestation, we discovered novel genomic loci linking newborn blood DNAm to childhood asthma, suggesting DNAm involvement in early asthma development.","journal":"International Journal of Epidemiology","year":2025,"id":541308,"datarank":0.1798250545702053,"base_score":1.0986122886681096,"endowment":1.0986122886681096,"self_citation_contribution":0.16479184330021646,"citation_network_contribution":0.01503321126998885,"self_endowment_contribution":0.16479184330021646,"citer_contribution":0.01503321126998885,"corpus_percentile":33.69691343699234,"corpus_rank":8572,"citation_count":2,"citer_count":2,"citers_with_citation_signal":1,"citers_with_endowment":1,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":true,"is_dataset_confidence":0.8399,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":37.5,"fair_percentile":50.687863038826045,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1430050,"name":"Krystin Jones","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":110407,"name":"Carole Ober","orcid":"0000-0003-4626-9809","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":282187,"name":"Anne P. Starling","orcid":"0000-0002-6638-8314","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":494112,"name":"William A. Gower","orcid":"0000-0001-5863-7379","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":110400,"name":"Leonard B. Bacharier","orcid":"0000-0003-0432-2704","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":402353,"name":"Aruna Chandran","orcid":"0000-0002-7411-2852","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":249641,"name":"Dana Dabelea","orcid":"0000-0001-9514-8929","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":265819,"name":"Rebecca C. Fry","orcid":"0000-0003-0899-9018","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":71916,"name":"Diane R. Gold","orcid":"0000-0001-8789-418X","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":29385,"name":"Kasper D. Hansen","orcid":"0000-0003-0086-0687","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":107948,"name":"Julie B. Herbstman","orcid":"0000-0001-5531-163X","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":230358,"name":"Marie‐France Hivert","orcid":"0000-0001-7752-2585","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":279472,"name":"Corinne Keet","orcid":"0000-0002-6585-239X","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":275584,"name":"Rachel L. Miller","orcid":"0000-0002-4214-3347","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":415259,"name":"Lisa P. Jacobson","orcid":"0000-0003-1722-6826","position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":310258,"name":"Christine Ladd‐Acosta","orcid":"0000-0002-7697-3998","position":16,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":504197,"name":"program collaborators for Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes","orcid":null,"position":17,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":110411,"name":"James E. Gern","orcid":"0000-0002-6667-4708","position":18,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":91957,"name":"George O'connor","orcid":"0000-0002-6476-3926","position":19,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":110401,"name":"Meyer Kattan","orcid":"0000-0001-5533-9368","position":20,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":110402,"name":"Robert A. Wood","orcid":"0000-0003-3777-802X","position":21,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":317045,"name":"Katherine Rivera‐Spoljaric","orcid":"0000-0002-6398-732X","position":22,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":239883,"name":"Emily Oken","orcid":"0000-0003-2513-3339","position":23,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1042242,"name":"Marianne O’Shea","orcid":null,"position":24,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":874193,"name":"Ruben Vaidya","orcid":"0000-0001-6674-4692","position":25,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1090652,"name":"Rita Obeid","orcid":"0000-0002-0474-2517","position":26,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1430051,"name":"Carl T. Rollins","orcid":null,"position":27,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1131184,"name":"Kelly Bear","orcid":null,"position":28,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":478245,"name":"Steve Pastyrnak","orcid":null,"position":29,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":895700,"name":"Madeleine Lenski","orcid":null,"position":30,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":723015,"name":"Rachana Singh","orcid":"0000-0001-7783-1214","position":31,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":578692,"name":"Michael E. Msall","orcid":"0000-0003-2037-5769","position":32,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":307595,"name":"Jean A. Frazier","orcid":"0000-0001-7055-3530","position":33,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":695367,"name":"Semsa Gogcu","orcid":"0000-0002-0429-9404","position":34,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":89783,"name":"Alan Montgomery","orcid":"0000-0003-0450-1606","position":35,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":307597,"name":"Karl Kuban","orcid":"0000-0001-5299-3567","position":36,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1134574,"name":"Larry W. Douglass","orcid":null,"position":37,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":600951,"name":"Hernán Jara","orcid":"0000-0001-6395-3819","position":38,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":307593,"name":"Robert M. Joseph","orcid":"0000-0001-6879-0254","position":39,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":692217,"name":"Yijun Li","orcid":"0000-0002-7251-2000","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":40,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:52:47.161928Z","pmid":"40420521","pmcid":"PMC12106279","fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":44.4444,"fair_a":50.0,"fair_i":0.0,"fair_r":16.6667,"fair_zscore":0.1208,"fair_rationale":{"fair_score":37.5,"has_llm":true,"taxonomy_version":"fair_taxonomy_v5","dimensions":{"F":{"name":"Findable","score":44.44,"criteria":[{"key":"f_dataset_pid","label":"Persistent identifier for the data","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"The paper does not provide a persistent-identifier-scheme string (DOI, Handle, ARK, or repository accession) for its own dataset.","anchors":["RDA-F1-01D — FAIR Data Maturity Model: 'Data is identified by a persistent identifier' (priorit","RDA-F1-02D — FAIR Data Maturity Model: 'Data is identified by a globally unique identifier'","FsF-F1-02D — F-UJI/FAIRsFAIR: 'Data is assigned a persistent identifier'"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"f_repository_named","label":"Named repository","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":1.0,"verdict":"yes","evidence":"Select de-identified data from the ECHO Program are available through NICHD’s Data and Specimen Hub (DASH).","grounded":true,"rationale":"DASH (NICHD’s Data and Specimen Hub) is a named data repository.","anchors":["RDA-F4-01M — FAIR Data Maturity Model: metadata is offered so it can be harvested and indexed (","NIH DMS Policy Element 4 (NOT-OD-21-014) — name the repository where data will be archived","NSTC Desirable Characteristics of Data Repositories (2022) — 'Long-Term Sustainability', 'Reten"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"f_data_availability_statement","label":"Data-availability statement","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.5,"verdict":"partial","evidence":"Select de-identified data from the ECHO Program are available through NICHD’s Data and Specimen Hub (DASH). 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[majority verdict 'partial' (4/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["RDA-F2-01M — 'Rich metadata is provided to allow discovery' (priority Essential)","FsF-F2-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata includes descriptive core elements to support data findability'","FsF-R1-01MD — F-UJI: 'Metadata specifies the content of the data'"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"f_dataset_cited","label":"Dataset formally cited","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"No identifier for the dataset appears in the reference list or in the body text; the dataset is not cited as a bibliographic entry. [majority verdict 'no' (4/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["FORCE11 Joint Declaration of Data Citation Principles (2014) — data should be cited as a first-","RDA-F3-01M — metadata clearly and explicitly includes the identifier of the data it describes","FsF-F3-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata includes the identifier of the data it describes'"],"scored":true,"signal":null}]},"A":{"name":"Accessible","score":50.0,"criteria":[{"key":"a_data_openly_accessible","label":"Access route free of preconditions","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":1.0,"verdict":"yes","evidence":"Select de-identified data from the ECHO Program are available through NICHD’s Data and Specimen Hub (DASH).","grounded":true,"rationale":"The text gives a route to the data (DASH) with no stated precondition such as registration, embargo, or application. [majority verdict 'yes' (4/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["RDA-A1.1-01D — 'Data is accessible through a free access protocol'","FsF-A1-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata contains access level and access conditions of the data'","NSTC Desirable Characteristics of Data Repositories (2022) — 'Free and Easy Access'"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"a_access_conditions_stated","label":"Access level labelled","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"The text does not label the access level of the data; it only states the data are available through a repository without using any standard access-level vocabulary. [majority verdict 'no' (3/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["FsF-A1-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata contains access level and access conditions of the data'","RDA-A1-01M — metadata contains information to enable the user to get access to the data","COAR Controlled Vocabularies — Access Rights v1.0 (open / embargoed / restricted / metadata-onl"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"a_controlled_access_for_sensitive","label":"Gatekeeper for sensitive data","kind":"llm","weight":0.5,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"No gatekeeper of any kind is named for the human-subject data; the data are simply stated to be available through DASH. [majority verdict 'no' (4/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["NIH Genomic Data Sharing Policy (NOT-OD-14-124) — controlled-access via a Data Access Committee","RDA-A1.2-01D — 'Data is accessible through an access protocol that supports authentication and ","NIH DMS Policy Element 5 (NOT-OD-21-014) — Access, Distribution, or Reuse Considerations (conse"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"a_timeline_retention","label":"Availability timing & retention","kind":"llm","weight":0.5,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"The paper states neither when the data become available (beyond 'available') nor how long they will persist.","anchors":["NIH DMS Plan Element 4 (NOT-OD-21-014) — Data Preservation, Access, and Associated Timelines","NSTC Desirable Characteristics (2022), Organizational Infrastructure: 'Retention Policy'","RDA-A2-01M — 'Metadata is guaranteed to remain available after data is no longer available'"],"scored":false,"signal":null}]},"I":{"name":"Interoperable","score":0.0,"criteria":[{"key":"i_open_nonproprietary_format","label":"Open file format","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"No file format for the released data is mentioned anywhere in the text.","anchors":["FsF-R1.3-02D — F-UJI: 'Data is available in a file format recommended by the target research co","RDA-R1.3-02D — data is expressed in a machine-understandable community standard","RDA-I1-01D — data uses a knowledge representation expressed in a standardised format"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"i_community_standard_vocabulary","label":"Community standard / vocabulary","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"No community data or metadata standard (e.g., MIAME, MIxS, an OBO ontology) is named as being applied to the data.","anchors":["RDA-R1.3-01M — 'Metadata complies with a community standard' (priority Essential)","RDA-R1.3-01D — 'Data complies with a community standard'","RDA-I2-01M — '(Meta)data use vocabularies that follow FAIR principles'"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"i_qualified_references","label":"Identifiers for the resources the data depend on","kind":"llm","weight":0.5,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"The paper does not provide an identifier (accession, DOI, RRID, assembly ID, etc.) for any external resource it builds upon. [majority verdict 'no' (4/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["RDA-I3-01M — '(meta)data include references to other (meta)data'","RDA-I3-03M — 'metadata includes qualified references to other metadata'","FsF-I3-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata includes links between the data and its related entities'"],"scored":false,"signal":null}]},"R":{"name":"Reusable","score":16.67,"criteria":[{"key":"r_reuse_license","label":"Reuse licence","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"No licence or terms-of-use artefact is named for the data; the CC-BY-NC footer applies to the article, not the data.","anchors":["RDA-R1.1-01M — 'Metadata includes information about the licence under which the data can be reu","RDA-R1.1-02M — 'Metadata refers to a standard reuse licence'","RDA-R1.1-03M — 'Metadata refers to a machine-understandable reuse licence'"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"r_provenance_methods","label":"Provenance of the data","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.5,"verdict":"partial","evidence":"DNAm was measured using the Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChip (450K) or the HumanMethylationEPIC BeadChip (EPIC) arrays.","grounded":false,"rationale":"The paper names specific instruments and kits (Illumina arrays) used to produce the data, satisfying the requirement for provenance information. 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[majority verdict 'no' (3/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["RDA-R1-01M — '(Meta)data are richly described with a plurality of accurate and relevant attribu","FsF-R1-01MD — F-UJI: 'Metadata specifies the content of the data'","NIH DMS Policy Element 3 (NOT-OD-21-014) — Standards (documentation and metadata to accompany t"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"r_versioning","label":"Snapshot identified","kind":"llm","weight":0.5,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"Neither a version token nor a snapshot date is provided for the dataset.","anchors":["DataCite Metadata Schema 4.6 — the 'Version' property","RDA-R1.2-01M — provenance information (which version was used is provenance)","NSTC Desirable Characteristics of Data Repositories (2022) — 'Provenance', 'Retention Policy'"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"x_code_availability","label":"Analysis code available","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"The study's own code is not offered through any locator; only third-party software is mentioned.","anchors":["NIH DMS Policy Element 2 (NOT-OD-21-014) — 'Related Tools, Software and/or Code'","FAIR4RS Principles v1.0 (Chue Hong et al., 2022; RDA/FORCE11/ReSA) — FAIR Principles for Resear","FORCE11 Software Citation Principles (Smith, Katz & Niemeyer, 2016, PeerJ CS 2:e86)"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"x_funding_attribution","label":"Funder and award number","kind":"llm","weight":0.5,"fraction":1.0,"verdict":"yes","evidence":"Research reported in this publication was supported by the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, under Award Numbers U2COD023375 (Coordinating Center), U24OD023382 (Data Analysis Center), U24OD023319","grounded":true,"rationale":"Specific award numbers are provided for the funding supporting the work.","anchors":["DataCite Metadata Schema 4.6 — 'FundingReference' property (funderName, funderIdentifier, award","Crossref Funder Registry — canonical funder identifiers for funding metadata","RDA-F2-01M — rich metadata provided to allow discovery (funding is part of the descriptive reco"],"scored":true,"signal":null}]}},"actions":[{"key":"f_dataset_pid","dimension":"F","label":"Persistent identifier for the data","action":"Mint or cite a persistent identifier for the dataset — a repository DOI or an accession from a registered repository — and print it in the paper. A bare URL is not persistent: it is the single most common cause of a dead data link five years after publication. For clinical / human-subjects data, deposit in dbGaP or the European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA).","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"The paper does not provide a persistent-identifier-scheme string (DOI, Handle, ARK, or repository accession) for its own dataset.","gain":16.67,"priority":"essential","scored":true},{"key":"r_reuse_license","dimension":"R","label":"Reuse licence","action":"Attach a standard, machine-readable open licence to the deposit — CC0 or CC BY, which is what Horizon Europe and most funders expect — and print the licence identifier in the paper. 'Free to use' is not a licence: it grants nothing a reuser's institution can rely on.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No licence or terms-of-use artefact is named for the data; the CC-BY-NC footer applies to the article, not the data.","gain":16.67,"priority":"essential","scored":true},{"key":"f_dataset_cited","dimension":"F","label":"Dataset formally cited","action":"Cite the dataset in the reference list like a publication — creator, year, title, repository, DOI/accession — and cite it in-text where it is used. Only a reference- list entry is machine-readable to Crossref/DataCite, and only a citation lets the data earn credit. Cite the clinical / human-subjects repository accession (e.g. from dbGaP or the European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA)) in the reference list.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No identifier for the dataset appears in the reference list or in the body text; the dataset is not cited as a bibliographic entry. [majority verdict 'no' (4/5 passes agreed)]","gain":8.33,"priority":"important","scored":true},{"key":"i_open_nonproprietary_format","dimension":"I","label":"Open file format","action":"Release the data in an open, community-standard format (CSV/TSV, JSON, HDF5, NetCDF, FASTQ, VCF, NIfTI…) instead of — or alongside — any proprietary or instrument-native format, and name the format in the paper. A dataset that needs a €2,000 licence to open is not reusable.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No file format for the released data is mentioned anywhere in the text.","gain":8.33,"priority":"important","scored":true},{"key":"x_code_availability","dimension":"R","label":"Analysis code available","action":"Publish the analysis code in a public forge, archive a tagged release with a DOI (Zenodo/Software Heritage), and cite that DOI in the paper. NIH DMS Element 2 asks for the tools and code, not only the data — and 'available on request' is not a locator. Archive the analysis code in a versioned repository (GitHub + a Zenodo release DOI).","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"The study's own code is not offered through any locator; only third-party software is mentioned.","gain":8.33,"priority":"important","scored":true},{"key":"r_versioning","dimension":"R","label":"Snapshot identified","action":"Version the deposit and cite the exact version analysed (a version-specific DOI, or an accession with its version suffix). A reader reproducing your work against 'the current release' is reproducing it against a different dataset.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"Neither a version token nor a snapshot date is provided for the dataset.","gain":4.17,"priority":"useful","scored":true},{"key":"f_data_availability_statement","dimension":"F","label":"Data-availability statement","action":"Replace the statement with the repository template: name the repository and give the accession or DOI (Colavizza category 3). This is the only DAS class associated with a measured citation advantage; 'available on reasonable request' and 'within the article' are not.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"partial","current":0.5,"evidence":"Select de-identified data from the ECHO Program are available through NICHD’s Data and Specimen Hub (DASH). 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Describe the dataset as an object in its own right, not as a by-product of the findings — this is what makes it discoverable to someone who is not looking for your paper.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"partial","current":0.5,"evidence":"A total of 1213 samples and 405 478 cytosine–phosphate–guanine (CpG) sites for the 450K and 783 517 CpG sites on the EPIC passed QC and were included in downstream analyses.","why":"The dataset's extent (sample and CpG counts) is stated in running prose, not in an itemized inventory such as a dedicated section or table. [majority verdict 'partial' (4/5 passes agreed)]","gain":0.0,"priority":"essential","scored":false},{"key":"a_access_conditions_stated","dimension":"A","label":"Access level labelled","action":"State the access level in words, using the standard vocabulary: 'These data are open access' / 'These data are controlled access'. A reader — and a harvester — should not have to infer the access level from the presence of a download link.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"The text does not label the access level of the data; it only states the data are available through a repository without using any standard access-level vocabulary. [majority verdict 'no' (3/5 passes agreed)]","gain":0.0,"priority":"important","scored":false},{"key":"i_community_standard_vocabulary","dimension":"I","label":"Community standard / vocabulary","action":"Adopt and NAME your domain's data standard — the minimum-information checklist, metadata schema, or ontology your community uses (MIAME/MINSEQE, ISA-Tab, BIDS, an OBO ontology, HL7 FHIR/OMOP) — and say which one you followed. A reporting checklist standardises your paper; it does nothing for your data. In clinical / human-subjects, describe the data with OMOP CDM, CDISC SDTM or HL7 FHIR.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No community data or metadata standard (e.g., MIAME, MIxS, an OBO ontology) is named as being applied to the data.","gain":0.0,"priority":"important","scored":false},{"key":"r_provenance_methods","dimension":"R","label":"Provenance of the data","action":"Name the instruments, kits, and software — with versions — that produced the data, not just the verbs. 'Reads were aligned' is not provenance; 'aligned with STAR v2.7.9a to GRCh38' is, because someone else can rerun it.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"partial","current":0.5,"evidence":"DNAm was measured using the Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChip (450K) or the HumanMethylationEPIC BeadChip (EPIC) arrays.","why":"The paper names specific instruments and kits (Illumina arrays) used to produce the data, satisfying the requirement for provenance information. [downgraded to 'partial' — no verifiable quote from the paper] [majority verdict 'partial' (3/5 passes agreed)]","gain":0.0,"priority":"important","scored":false},{"key":"r_documentation_codebook","dimension":"R","label":"Documentation / codebook","action":"Ship a README and a data dictionary IN the deposit — every file, every variable, its units, its allowed values, its missing-value codes. It is the cheapest single thing that makes a dataset usable by someone who was not in the lab, and a table buried in the article does not travel with the data.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No documentation object (README, data dictionary, codebook) is named as accompanying the data; variable definitions are not provided in a separate shipping artefact. [majority verdict 'no' (3/5 passes agreed)]","gain":0.0,"priority":"important","scored":false},{"key":"a_controlled_access_for_sensitive","dimension":"A","label":"Gatekeeper for sensitive data","action":"Route sensitive data through an institutional gatekeeper — deposit in a controlled- access repository (dbGaP, EGA) with a Data Access Committee and a published DUA — rather than through the corresponding author's inbox. An author-gated dataset dies with the author's email address, and 'on reasonable request' has been shown repeatedly not to yield data. For sensitive/human clinical / human-subjects data, use a controlled-access repository such as dbGaP or EGA.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No gatekeeper of any kind is named for the human-subject data; the data are simply stated to be available through DASH. [majority verdict 'no' (4/5 passes agreed)]","gain":0.0,"priority":"useful","scored":false},{"key":"i_qualified_references","dimension":"I","label":"Identifiers for the resources the data depend on","action":"Cite by identifier every resource the data depend on — the source datasets' accessions, the reference build (GRCh38 / GCA_000001405.28), the cohort application number, the code DOI — and register those relations on the dataset record (IsDerivedFrom, IsSupplementTo). A name is not a link: it cannot be resolved, versioned, or followed by a machine.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"The paper does not provide an identifier (accession, DOI, RRID, assembly ID, etc.) for any external resource it builds upon. [majority verdict 'no' (4/5 passes agreed)]","gain":0.0,"priority":"useful","scored":false},{"key":"a_timeline_retention","dimension":"A","label":"Availability timing & retention","action":"State when the data become available AND how long they will be retained — cite the repository's preservation policy. NIH DMS Element 4 asks for both; most papers give neither.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"The paper states neither when the data become available (beyond 'available') nor how long they will persist.","gain":0.0,"priority":"useful","scored":false}],"suggestions":["Mint or cite a persistent identifier for the dataset — a repository DOI or an accession from a registered repository — and print it in the paper. A bare URL is not persistent: it is the single most common cause of a dead data link five years after publication. For clinical / human-subjects data, deposit in dbGaP or the European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA).","Attach a standard, machine-readable open licence to the deposit — CC0 or CC BY, which is what Horizon Europe and most funders expect — and print the licence identifier in the paper. 'Free to use' is not a licence: it grants nothing a reuser's institution can rely on.","Cite the dataset in the reference list like a publication — creator, year, title, repository, DOI/accession — and cite it in-text where it is used. Only a reference- list entry is machine-readable to Crossref/DataCite, and only a citation lets the data earn credit. Cite the clinical / human-subjects repository accession (e.g. from dbGaP or the European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA)) in the reference list.","Release the data in an open, community-standard format (CSV/TSV, JSON, HDF5, NetCDF, FASTQ, VCF, NIfTI…) instead of — or alongside — any proprietary or instrument-native format, and name the format in the paper. A dataset that needs a €2,000 licence to open is not reusable.","Publish the analysis code in a public forge, archive a tagged release with a DOI (Zenodo/Software Heritage), and cite that DOI in the paper. NIH DMS Element 2 asks for the tools and code, not only the data — and 'available on request' is not a locator. Archive the analysis code in a versioned repository (GitHub + a Zenodo release DOI)."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash","agent_version":"fair_agent_v8","fulltext_source":"epmc_xml"},"fair_model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash","fair_agent_version":"fair_agent_v8","fair_fulltext_source":"epmc_xml","fair_has_llm":true,"fair_computed_at":"2026-07-20T13:32:20.068184Z","clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}