{"doi":"10.1093/ije/dyaf049","title":"Association of age at menarche with type 2 diabetes mellitus among urban Indian women: results from the CARRS study","abstract":"BACKGROUND: Early onset of menarche is associated with hormonal alterations that may predispose women to diabetes. We investigated the association between age at menarche and incident diabetes in India, a setting with declining menarche age and increasing burden of diabetes. METHODS: Data were from the Cardiometabolic Risk Reduction in South Asia study. Women free of diabetes at baseline (2010-12) were followed until 2021 for incident diabetes, defined as prior medical diagnosis or fasting plasma glucose ≥126 mg/dl or HbA1c ≥6.5%. Age at menarche, in years was collected through self-report. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models, controlling for socio-demographic factors and potentially confounding clinical parameters, estimated the association [hazard ratio (HR)] of menarche age with incident diabetes. Effect modification by obesity status was also assessed. RESULTS: Of 3654 women at risk of diabetes at baseline, mean age was 37.7 [Standard Deviation (SD) = 10.4] years and mean age of menarche was 13.9 (SD = 1.3) years. Younger women (age 20-39 years) had an earlier onset of menarche compared to older women. Over 11 years of follow-up (median: 9.2 years), we observed 390 cases of diabetes [cumulative incidence (CI): 10.7%, 95% CI 9.32-12.33; incidence rate: 12.4 per 1000 person-years (95% CI 11.23-13.69)]. There was no association between age at menarche and incident diabetes, HR = 1.04 (95% CI 0.95-1.14). The null association was consistent in models stratified by obesity status. CONCLUSION: We did not find evidence of an association between age at menarche and incident diabetes in this large cohort of Indian women.","journal":"International Journal of Epidemiology","year":2025,"id":552412,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":1,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.76,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":344911,"name":"Dimple Kondal","orcid":"0000-0002-1417-9510","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":337639,"name":"Sailesh Mohan","orcid":"0000-0003-1853-3596","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":38605,"name":"Mohan Deepa","orcid":"0000-0001-6348-1946","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":344913,"name":"Ranjit Mohan Anjana","orcid":"0000-0002-4843-1374","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":22946,"name":"Mohammed K. Ali","orcid":"0000-0001-7266-2503","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":245134,"name":"K.M. Venkat Narayan","orcid":"0000-0001-8621-5405","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":38951,"name":"Viswanathan Mohan","orcid":"0000-0001-5038-6210","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":22843,"name":"Nikhil Tandon","orcid":"0000-0003-4604-1986","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":23230,"name":"Dorairaj Prabhakaran","orcid":"0000-0002-3172-834X","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":337637,"name":"Shivani A. Patel","orcid":"0000-0003-0082-5857","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1448529,"name":"Rajeev Gupta","orcid":"0000-0002-9924-7622","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":56,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:54:33.203144Z","pmid":"40246328","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}