{"doi":"10.1093/ibd/izaf032","title":"Dietary Nut and Legume Intake and Risk of Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis","abstract":"BACKGROUND: We investigated the relationship between nut and legume intake and risk of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort study of 223 283 adults from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS), NHSII, and Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (1986-2017), excluding those with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) at baseline. Food frequency questionnaires were used to calculate nut and legume intake. Inflammatory bowel disease was self-reported on questionnaires and confirmed via blinded record review. Using Cox proportional hazards models, we calculated adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CD and UC according to categories of nut and legume intake. RESULTS: In over 5 460 315 person-years of follow-up (CD = 371, UC = 481), neither nut nor legume intake was associated with CD or UC risk. Compared to those who never consumed nuts, those who consumed nuts ≥2 times/week had an aHR = 0.96 (95% CI, 0.63-1.47; Ptrend = 0.57) for CD and 1.30 (95% CI, 0.92-1.84; Ptrend = 0.36) for UC. Compared to those who consumed legumes 0-3 times/month, those who consumed legumes ≥4 times/week had an aHR of 1.26 (95% CI, 0.78-2.04; Ptrend = 0.59) for CD and 0.72 (95% CI, 0.44-1.18; Ptrend = 0.20) for UC. Baseline BMI modified the relationship between nut intake and CD risk (Pint = 0.03). In those with BMI ≥25, the aHR for CD was 0.14 (95% CI, 0.03-0.56; P = .006) per additional serving/day of nuts compared with 0.88 (95% CI, 0.45-1.74; P = .72) for those with BMI <25. CONCLUSIONS: Nut and legume intake were not associated with CD or UC risk. However, higher nut intake decreased CD risk in overweight or obese individuals. Thus, personalized-risk stratification, rather than generalized dietary recommendations, may be important for IBD prevention strategies.","journal":"Inflammatory Bowel Diseases","year":2025,"id":538974,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":3,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9388,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1426171,"name":"Zeling Yu","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1426172,"name":"Shawna E Walsh","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":647135,"name":"Kevin Casey","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":51742,"name":"Ashwin N. Ananthakrishnan","orcid":"0000-0002-9436-1821","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":249366,"name":"James M. Richter","orcid":"0000-0003-0941-9425","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":249365,"name":"Kristin E. Burke","orcid":"0000-0002-2536-5538","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":890135,"name":"Andrew Chan","orcid":"0000-0002-3662-5964","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":51740,"name":"Hamed Khalili","orcid":"0000-0002-7956-6941","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":492702,"name":"Emily W. Lopes","orcid":"0000-0002-7081-2376","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":35,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:52:25.799399Z","pmid":"40037780","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}