{"doi":"10.1093/hmg/ddab031","title":"Sexual dimorphism in cancer: insights from transcriptional signatures in kidney tissue and renal cell carcinoma","abstract":"Sexual dimorphism in cancer incidence and outcome is widespread. Understanding the underlying mechanisms is fundamental to improve cancer prevention and clinical management. Sex disparities are particularly striking in kidney cancer: across diverse populations, men consistently show unexplained 2-fold increased incidence and worse prognosis. We have characterized genome-wide expression and regulatory networks of 609 renal tumors and 256 non-tumor renal tissues. Normal kidney displayed sex-specific transcriptional signatures, including higher expression of X-linked tumor suppressor genes in women. Sex-dependent genotype-phenotype associations unraveled women-specific immune regulation. Sex differences were markedly expanded in tumors, with male-biased expression of key genes implicated in metabolism, non-malignant diseases with male predominance and carcinogenesis, including markers of tumor infiltrating leukocytes. Analysis of sex-dependent RCC progression and survival uncovered prognostic markers involved in immune response and oxygen homeostasis. In summary, human kidney tissues display remarkable sexual dimorphism at the molecular level. Sex-specific transcriptional signatures further shape renal cancer, with relevance for clinical management.","journal":"Human Molecular Genetics","year":2021,"id":159365,"datarank":0.5606504427425053,"base_score":3.7376696182833684,"endowment":3.7376696182833684,"self_citation_contribution":0.5606504427425053,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.5606504427425053,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":41,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9439,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":669875,"name":"Peng Li","orcid":"0000-0002-0682-9819","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":670342,"name":"Szilvia Ecsedi","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":275789,"name":"Behnoush Abedi‐Ardekani","orcid":"0000-0002-0980-0587","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":669876,"name":"Geoffroy Durand","orcid":"0000-0001-9004-7248","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":669877,"name":"Nivonirina Robinot","orcid":"0000-0002-2532-1455","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":669878,"name":"Jean-Noël Hubert","orcid":"0000-0001-8564-1429","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":304167,"name":"Vladimí­r Janout","orcid":"0000-0003-1594-3901","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":321670,"name":"Давид Заридзе","orcid":"0000-0002-2824-3704","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":354894,"name":"Anush Mukeria","orcid":null,"position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":592036,"name":"Dana Mateș","orcid":"0000-0002-6219-9807","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":265937,"name":"Ivana Holcátová","orcid":"0000-0002-1366-0337","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":225519,"name":"Lenka Foretová","orcid":"0000-0003-0494-2620","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":353915,"name":"Beata Świątkowska","orcid":"0000-0003-3757-3868","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":669879,"name":"Zoran Džamić","orcid":"0009-0001-8953-2294","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":669880,"name":"Saša Milosavljević","orcid":"0000-0002-4757-4111","position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":356095,"name":"Robert Olaso","orcid":"0000-0001-7631-9657","position":16,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":356096,"name":"Anne Boland","orcid":"0000-0001-8789-5676","position":17,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":316773,"name":"Jean‐François Deleuze","orcid":"0000-0002-5358-4463","position":18,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":353906,"name":"David C. Muller","orcid":"0000-0002-2350-0417","position":19,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":334596,"name":"James McKay","orcid":"0000-0002-1787-3874","position":20,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":13291,"name":"Paul Brennan","orcid":"0000-0002-0518-8714","position":21,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":642091,"name":"Florence Le Calvez‐Kelm","orcid":"0000-0003-0063-5068","position":22,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":14437,"name":"Ghislaine Scélo","orcid":"0000-0002-2692-8507","position":23,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":669881,"name":"Estelle Chanudet","orcid":"0000-0003-0936-9253","position":24,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":484760,"name":"Ruhina Shirin Laskar","orcid":"0000-0001-6455-094X","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":81,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:44:35.165422Z","pmid":"33527138","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}