{"doi":"10.1093/geronj/49.2.m85","title":"A Short Physical Performance Battery Assessing Lower Extremity Function: Association With Self-Reported Disability and Prediction of Mortality and Nursing Home Admission","abstract":"<h4>Background</h4>A short battery of physical performance tests was used to assess lower extremity function in more than 5,000 persons age 71 years and older in three communities.<h4>Methods</h4>Balance, gait, strength, and endurance were evaluated by examining ability to stand with the feet together in the side-by-side, semi-tandem, and tandem positions, time to walk 8 feet, and time to rise from a chair and return to the seated position 5 times.<h4>Results</h4>A wide distribution of performance was observed for each test. Each test and a summary performance scale, created by summing categorical rankings of performance on each test, were strongly associated with self-report of disability. Both self-report items and performance tests were independent predictors of short-term mortality and nursing home admission in multivariate analyses. However, evidence is presented that the performance tests provide information not available from self-report items. Of particular importance is the finding that in those at the high end of the functional spectrum, who reported almost no disability, the performance test scores distinguished a gradient of risk for mortality and nursing home admission. Additionally, within subgroups with identical self-report profiles, there were systematic differences in physical performance related to age and sex.<h4>Conclusion</h4>This study provides evidence that performance measures can validly characterize older persons across a broad spectrum of lower extremity function. Performance and self-report measures may complement each other in providing useful information about functional status.","journal":"Journal of Gerontology","year":1994,"id":4527,"datarank":23.29316100185476,"base_score":9.17014318222477,"endowment":9.17014318222477,"self_citation_contribution":1.3755214773337157,"citation_network_contribution":21.917639524521043,"self_endowment_contribution":1.3755214773337157,"citer_contribution":21.917639524521043,"corpus_percentile":96.2,"corpus_rank":1199,"citation_count":9605,"citer_count":172,"citers_with_citation_signal":172,"citers_with_endowment":172,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"1994-03-01","authors":[{"id":45768,"name":"E. M. Simonsick","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":6431,"name":"Stephen J. Chanock","orcid":"0000-0002-2324-3393","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":45771,"name":"L. F. Berkman","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":45772,"name":"D. G. Blazer","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":45773,"name":"P. A. Scherr","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":45774,"name":"R. B. Wallace","orcid":null,"position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":45775,"name":"Jack M. Guralnik","orcid":"0000-0001-5108-7263","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":21956,"name":"Luigi Ferrucci","orcid":"0000-0002-6273-1613","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":45776,"name":"Robert J. Glynn","orcid":"0000-0002-0697-8996","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":45777,"name":"Lisa Berkman","orcid":null,"position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":45778,"name":"Dan G. Blazer","orcid":"0000-0002-7261-9254","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":45779,"name":"Paul A. Scherr","orcid":null,"position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":25029,"name":"Robert B. Wallace","orcid":"0000-0001-6040-3803","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":45767,"name":"J. M. Guralnik","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":26,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-03-01T18:20:47.508186Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}