{"doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbad089","title":"Cohort Changes and Sex Differences After Age 50 in Cognitive Variables in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing","abstract":"OBJECTIVES: This paper models cognitive aging, across mid and late life, and estimates birth cohort and sex differences in both initial levels and aging trajectories over time in a sample with multiple cohorts and a wide span of ages. METHODS: The data used in this study came from the first 9 waves of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, spanning 2002-2019. There were n = 76,014 observations (proportion male 45%). Dependent measures were verbal fluency, immediate recall, delayed recall, and orientation. Data were modeled using a Bayesian logistic growth curve model. RESULTS: Cognitive aging was substantial in 3 of the 4 variables examined. For verbal fluency and immediate recall, males and females could expect to lose about 30% of their initial ability between the ages of 52 and 89. Delayed recall showed a steeper decline, with males losing 40% and females losing 50% of their delayed recall ability between ages 52 and 89 (although females had a higher initial level of delayed recall). Orientation alone was not particularly affected by aging, with less than a 10% change for either males or females. Furthermore, we found cohort effects for initial ability level, with particularly steep increases for cohorts born between approximately 1930 and 1950. DISCUSSION: These cohort effects generally favored later-born cohorts. Implications and future directions are discussed.","journal":"The Journals of Gerontology Series B","year":2023,"id":374958,"datarank":0.29431291197443776,"base_score":1.6094379124341003,"endowment":1.6094379124341003,"self_citation_contribution":0.24141568686511508,"citation_network_contribution":0.052897225109322675,"self_endowment_contribution":0.24141568686511508,"citer_contribution":0.052897225109322675,"corpus_percentile":44.48828034346716,"corpus_rank":7177,"citation_count":4,"citer_count":2,"citers_with_citation_signal":1,"citers_with_endowment":1,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":true,"is_dataset_confidence":0.8227,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":262300,"name":"Graciela Muñiz‐Terrera","orcid":"0000-0002-4516-0337","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":686265,"name":"Stacey Voll","orcid":"0000-0002-6458-8371","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":366958,"name":"Sean Clouston","orcid":"0000-0002-6124-0329","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1136872,"name":"Linda Wänström","orcid":"0000-0002-6590-3847","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":315310,"name":"Frank D. Mann","orcid":"0000-0002-5450-0620","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":544296,"name":"Joseph Lee Rodgers","orcid":"0000-0002-8615-6713","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":477029,"name":"Scott M. Hofer","orcid":"0000-0001-8923-4337","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":544295,"name":"Patrick O’Keefe","orcid":"0000-0002-5343-0130","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":26,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:16:15.380731Z","pmid":"37326391","pmcid":"PMC10561880","fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}