{"doi":"10.1093/gerona/glab188","title":"Metabolic Syndrome Trajectories and Objective Physical Performance in Mid-to-Early Late Life: The Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN)","abstract":"BACKGROUND: Little is known about how adverse, midlife metabolic profiles affect future physical functioning. We hypothesized that a higher number of midlife metabolic syndrome (MetS) components are associated with poorer physical performance in early old age for multiethnic women. METHODS: MetS status from 1996 to 2011 (8 visits) and objective physical performance in 2015/2016 (Short Physical Performance Battery [SPPB; 0-12], 40-foot walk [meter/second], 4-meter gait speed [meter/second], chair stands [seconds], stair climb [seconds]) were assessed in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN; n = 1722; age 65.4 ± 2.7 years; 26.9% African American, 10.1% Chinese, 9.8% Japanese, 5.5% Hispanic). Poisson latent class growth modeling identified MetS component trajectory groups: none (23.9%), 1 = low-MetS (28.7%), 2 = mid-MetS (30.9%), and ≥3 = high-MetS (16.5%). Adjusted linear regression related MetS groups to physical performance outcomes. RESULTS: High-MetS versus none had higher body mass index, pain, financial strain, and lower physical activity and self-reported health (p < .0001). Compared with White, African American and Hispanic women were more likely to be in the high-MetS groups and had worse physical functioning along with Chinese women (SPPB, chair stand, stair climb, and gait speed-not Hispanic). After adjustments, high-MetS versus none demonstrated significantly worse 40-ft walk (β: -0.08; 95% CI: -0.13, -0.03), gait speed (β: -0.09; 95% CI: -0.15, -0.02), SPPB (β: -0.79; 95% CI: -1.15, -0.44), and chair stands (β: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.09, 1.28), but no difference in stair climb. CONCLUSIONS: Midlife MetS groups were related to poor physical performance in early old age multiethnic women. Midlife management of metabolic function may improve physical performance later in life.","journal":"The Journals of Gerontology Series A","year":2021,"id":183437,"datarank":0.3958585994422889,"base_score":2.639057329615259,"endowment":2.639057329615259,"self_citation_contribution":0.3958585994422889,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.3958585994422889,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":13,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.6817,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":341575,"name":"Robert M. Boudreau","orcid":"0000-0003-0162-5187","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":376094,"name":"Brittney S. Lange‐Maia","orcid":"0000-0001-6642-7558","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":309258,"name":"Samar R. El Khoudary","orcid":"0000-0003-2913-0821","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":737112,"name":"Kelly R. Ylitalo","orcid":"0000-0002-1474-6781","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":307251,"name":"Andrea M. Kriska","orcid":"0000-0002-3522-0869","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":298232,"name":"Carrie Karvonen‐Gutierrez","orcid":"0000-0002-1950-5397","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":341578,"name":"Elsa S. Strotmeyer","orcid":"0000-0002-4093-6036","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":735977,"name":"Jenna Napoleone","orcid":"0000-0002-0271-5937","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":53,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:48:22.008011Z","pmid":"34216218","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}