{"doi":"10.1093/genetics/157.1.53","title":"Estimates of the Rate and Distribution of Fitness Effects of Spontaneous Mutation in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>","abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The per-genome, per-generation rate of spontaneous mutation affecting fitness (U) and the mean fitness cost per mutation (s) are important parameters in evolutionary genetics, but have been estimated for few species. We estimated U and sh (the heterozygous effect of mutations) for two diploid yeast strains differing only in the DNA mismatch-repair deficiency used to elevate the mutation rate in one (mutator) strain. Mutations were allowed to accumulate in 50 replicate lines of each strain, during 36 transfers of randomly chosen single colonies (∼600 generations). Among wild-type lines, fitnesses were bimodal, with one mode showing no change in mean fitness. The other mode showed a mean 29.6% fitness decline and the petite phenotype, usually caused by partial deletion of the mitochondrial genome. Excluding petites, maximum-likelihood estimates adjusted for the effect of selection were U = 9.5 × 10-5 and sh = 0.217 for the wild type. Among the mutator lines, the best fit was obtained with 0.005 ≤ U ≤ 0.94 and 0.049 ≥ sh ≥ 0.0003. Like other recently tested model organisms, wild-type yeast have low mutation rates, with high mean fitness costs per mutation. Inactivation of mismatch repair increases the frequency of slightly deleterious mutations by approximately two orders of magnitude.</jats:p>","journal":"Genetics","year":2001,"id":34404,"datarank":7.786993209281725,"base_score":5.170483995038151,"endowment":5.170483995038151,"self_citation_contribution":0.7755725992557229,"citation_network_contribution":7.011420610026002,"self_endowment_contribution":0.7755725992557229,"citer_contribution":7.011420610026002,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":175,"citer_count":164,"citers_with_citation_signal":136,"citers_with_endowment":136,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":178240,"name":"J Arjan G M DeVisser","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":178239,"name":"Clifford Zeyl","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"base_score":5.170483995038151,"endowment":5.170483995038151,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"11139491","pmcid":"PMC1461475","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W2104263071","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","grant_id":"unidentified","title":"unidentified"}],"total_grants":1,"fwci":5.9414,"citation_percentile":0.96635665,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2012,"count":6},{"year":2013,"count":5},{"year":2014,"count":7},{"year":2015,"count":8},{"year":2016,"count":11},{"year":2017,"count":7},{"year":2018,"count":5},{"year":2019,"count":5},{"year":2020,"count":4},{"year":2021,"count":6},{"year":2022,"count":3},{"year":2023,"count":4},{"year":2024,"count":8},{"year":2025,"count":2},{"year":2026,"count":3}],"oa_status":"closed","license":"OUP Standard Publication Reuse","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://academic.oup.com/genetics/article-pdf/157/1/53/42030973/genetics0053.pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/157.1.53","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11139491","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/157.1.53","host_type":""}],"fields_of_study":["Evolution and Genetic Dynamics","DNA Repair Mechanisms","CRISPR and Genetic Engineering","0301 basic medicine","0303 health sciences","03 medical and health sciences","Base Pair Mismatch","Biological Evolution","DNA Repair","DNA-Binding Proteins","Fungal Proteins","Genotype","Models, Genetic","MutS Homolog 2 Protein","Mutation","Phenotype","Saccharomyces cerevisiae","Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins"],"mesh_terms":["DNA Repair","DNA-Binding Proteins","Biological Evolution","Fungal Proteins","Genotype","Models, Genetic","Mutation","Phenotype","Saccharomyces cerevisiae","Base Pair Mismatch","Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins","MutS Homolog 2 Protein"],"keywords":["Biology","Mutation Accumulation","Mutation rate","Genetics","Mutation","Genetic Fitness","Ploidy","Saccharomyces cerevisiae","Strain (injury)","Genetic load","Yeast","Gene","Population","Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins","DNA Repair","Genotype","Models, Genetic","Base Pair Mismatch","Biological Evolution","DNA-Binding Proteins","Fungal Proteins","MutS Homolog 2 Protein","Phenotype"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Life in Land"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-06-09T18:32:03.837076Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}