{"doi":"10.1093/exposome/osac010","title":"Modeling environment through a general exposome factor in two independent adolescent cohorts","abstract":"Abstract Exposures to perinatal, familial, social, and physical environmental stimuli can have substantial effects on human development. We aimed to generate a single measure that capture’s the complex network structure of the environment (ie, exposome) using multi-level data (participant’s report, parent report, and geocoded measures) of environmental exposures (primarily from the psychosocial environment) in two independent adolescent cohorts: The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (ABCD Study, N = 11 235; mean age, 10.9 years; 47.7% females) and an age- and sex-matched sample from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (PNC, N = 4993). We conducted a series of data-driven iterative factor analyses and bifactor modeling in the ABCD Study, reducing dimensionality from 348 variables tapping to environment to six orthogonal exposome subfactors and a general (adverse) exposome factor. The general exposome factor was associated with overall psychopathology (B = 0.28, 95% CI, 0.26-0.3) and key health-related outcomes: obesity (odds ratio [OR] , 1.4; 95% CI, 1.3-1.5) and advanced pubertal development (OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.2-1.5). A similar approach in PNC reduced dimensionality of environment from 29 variables to 4 exposome subfactors and a general exposome factor. PNC analyses yielded consistent associations of the general exposome factor with psychopathology (B = 0.15; 95% CI, 0.13-0.17), obesity (OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.3-1.6), and advanced pubertal development (OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1-1.6). In both cohorts, inclusion of exposome factors greatly increased variance explained in overall psychopathology compared with models relying solely on demographics and parental education (from <4% to >38% in ABCD; from <4% to >18.5% in PNC). Findings suggest that a general exposome factor capturing multi-level environmental exposures can be derived and can consistently explain variance in youth’s mental and general health.","journal":"Exposome","year":2022,"id":240344,"datarank":0.5775221402565088,"base_score":3.8501476017100584,"endowment":3.8501476017100584,"self_citation_contribution":0.5775221402565088,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.5775221402565088,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":46,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.8698,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":668656,"name":"Elina Visoki","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":667938,"name":"Stirling T. Argabright","orcid":"0000-0002-6489-6024","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":667939,"name":"Grace E. DiDomenico","orcid":"0000-0003-1036-9592","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":810846,"name":"Ingrid Sotelo","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":733496,"name":"Jeremy D. Wortzel","orcid":"0000-0001-6685-0081","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":810847,"name":"Areebah Naeem","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":230043,"name":"Ruben C. Gur","orcid":"0000-0002-9657-1996","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":230042,"name":"Raquel E. Gur","orcid":"0000-0002-4082-8502","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":52326,"name":"Varun Warrier","orcid":"0000-0003-4532-8571","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":77832,"name":"Sinan Gülöksüz","orcid":"0000-0002-6626-1874","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":640230,"name":"Ran Barzilay","orcid":"0000-0002-3247-2331","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":235289,"name":"Tyler M. Moore","orcid":"0000-0002-1384-0151","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":59,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-19T00:22:46.554789Z","pmid":"36606125","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}