{"doi":"10.1093/database/baaf023","title":"mirTarCLASH: a comprehensive miRNA target database based on chimeric read-based experiments","abstract":"MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can target messenger RNAs to control their degradation or translation repression effects. Therefore, identifying the target and binding sites of different miRNAs is essential for understanding miRNA functions. To investigate these interactions, researchers have employed the cross-linking, ligation, and sequencing of hybrids (CLASH-seq) and similar CLASH-like approaches to generate chimeric reads formed by miRNAs and their targeting segments. These chimeric reads allow for the direct extraction of both the miRNA-target gene pairs and their corresponding binding sites. Nevertheless, these studies lack user-friendly platforms for researchers to investigate these interactions efficiently, thus hindering scientists' ability to explore miRNA functions. To address this gap, we developed mirTarCLASH, a comprehensive database that deposits 502 061/322 707/224 452 unique hybrid reads from human/mouse/worm miRNA chimeric read-based experiments. In mirTarCLASH, the chimera analysis algorithm ChiRA and two distinct binding site inference tools, RNAup and miRanda, were adopted to facilitate the exploration of miRNA-target pairs derived from CLASH-like experiments. Compared with existing similar repositories, mirTarCLASH further enables several confidence evaluation filters with visualization functions for the extracted results. The results can be further refined based on the key properties of the miRNA targeting sites, including read depths, numbers of supporting algorithms, and cross-linking-induced mutations, to enhance confidence levels. In addition, these miRNA-binding sites are visually represented through an integrated transcript atlas. Finally, we demonstrated the biological applicability of mirTarCLASH via the well-characterized example interaction between cel-let-7-5p and lin-41 in Caenorhabditis elegans, showcasing the potential of mirTarCLASH to provide novel insights for subsequent experimental research designs. The constructed mirTarCLASH database is freely available at https://cosbi.ee.ncku.edu.tw/MirTarClash. Database URL: https://cosbi.ee.ncku.edu.tw/MirTarClash.","journal":"Database","year":2025,"id":550414,"datarank":0.16479184330021646,"base_score":1.0986122886681096,"endowment":1.0986122886681096,"self_citation_contribution":0.16479184330021646,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.16479184330021646,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":29.844511487584125,"corpus_rank":8690,"citation_count":2,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":true,"is_dataset_confidence":0.5963,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":50.0,"fair_percentile":62.702537450321,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1445648,"name":"Xiangwei Li","orcid":"0000-0002-1963-6354","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1446013,"name":"Yuan-Han Lee","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1446014,"name":"Shang-Yi Lu","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":90400,"name":"Wei-Sheng Wu","orcid":"0000-0002-9919-9579","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":463809,"name":"Heng-Chi Lee","orcid":"0000-0001-8154-906X","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1445647,"name":"Tzu-Hsien Yang","orcid":"0000-0001-9420-196X","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":36,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:54:16.596730Z","pmid":"40186419","pmcid":"PMC11971479","fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":50.0,"fair_a":75.0,"fair_i":0.0,"fair_r":41.6667,"fair_zscore":0.6155,"fair_rationale":{"fair_score":50.0,"has_llm":true,"taxonomy_version":"fair_taxonomy_v5","dimensions":{"F":{"name":"Findable","score":50.0,"criteria":[{"key":"f_dataset_pid","label":"Persistent identifier for the data","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.5,"verdict":"partial","evidence":"The constructed mirTarCLASH database is freely available at https://cosbi.ee.ncku.edu.tw/MirTarClash","grounded":true,"rationale":"The identifier is a web URL, not a persistent identifier scheme (DOI, Handle, ARK, or repository accession). [majority verdict 'partial' (4/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["RDA-F1-01D — FAIR Data Maturity Model: 'Data is identified by a persistent identifier' (priorit","RDA-F1-02D — FAIR Data Maturity Model: 'Data is identified by a globally unique identifier'","FsF-F1-02D — F-UJI/FAIRsFAIR: 'Data is assigned a persistent identifier'"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"f_repository_named","label":"Named repository","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.5,"verdict":"partial","evidence":"The constructed mirTarCLASH database is freely available at https://cosbi.ee.ncku.edu.tw/MirTarClash","grounded":true,"rationale":"The holder is a lab website (cosbi.ee.ncku.edu.tw), not a named data repository from re3data/FAIRsharing.","anchors":["RDA-F4-01M — FAIR Data Maturity Model: metadata is offered so it can be harvested and indexed (","NIH DMS Policy Element 4 (NOT-OD-21-014) — name the repository where data will be archived","NSTC Desirable Characteristics of Data Repositories (2022) — 'Long-Term Sustainability', 'Reten"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"f_data_availability_statement","label":"Data-availability statement","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.5,"verdict":"partial","evidence":"The miRNA–mRNA pairs extracted by ChiRA for humans, mice, and worms can be downloaded at https://cosbi.ee.ncku.edu.tw/MirTarClash/download/","grounded":true,"rationale":"The DAS points to a URL on a lab website, not to a repository record with an accession or DOI, so it is class 2.","anchors":["Colavizza, Hrynaszkiewicz, Staden, Whitaker & McGillivray (2020), 'The citation advantage of li","Springer Nature research data policy — Data Availability Statements: standard statement templat","RDA-F3-01M — metadata clearly and explicitly includes the identifier of the data it describes"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"f_discovery_metadata","label":"Description of the dataset as an object","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.5,"verdict":"partial","evidence":"mirTarCLASH, a comprehensive database that deposits 502 061/322 707/224 452 unique hybrid reads from human/mouse/worm miRNA chimeric read-based experiments","grounded":true,"rationale":"The dataset's content is described in running prose (number of hybrid reads) without an itemised inventory section, table, or list.","anchors":["RDA-F2-01M — 'Rich metadata is provided to allow discovery' (priority Essential)","FsF-F2-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata includes descriptive core elements to support data findability'","FsF-R1-01MD — F-UJI: 'Metadata specifies the content of the data'"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"f_dataset_cited","label":"Dataset formally cited","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.5,"verdict":"partial","evidence":"The constructed mirTarCLASH database is freely available at https://cosbi.ee.ncku.edu.tw/MirTarClash","grounded":true,"rationale":"The dataset identifier (URL) appears only in the body text, not as a reference-list entry.","anchors":["FORCE11 Joint Declaration of Data Citation Principles (2014) — data should be cited as a first-","RDA-F3-01M — metadata clearly and explicitly includes the identifier of the data it describes","FsF-F3-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata includes the identifier of the data it describes'"],"scored":true,"signal":null}]},"A":{"name":"Accessible","score":75.0,"criteria":[{"key":"a_data_openly_accessible","label":"Access route free of preconditions","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":1.0,"verdict":"yes","evidence":"The constructed mirTarCLASH database is freely available at https://cosbi.ee.ncku.edu.tw/MirTarClash","grounded":true,"rationale":"The text gives a route to the data with no stated precondition; 'freely available' indicates unconditional access.","anchors":["RDA-A1.1-01D — 'Data is accessible through a free access protocol'","FsF-A1-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata contains access level and access conditions of the data'","NSTC Desirable Characteristics of Data Repositories (2022) — 'Free and Easy Access'"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"a_access_conditions_stated","label":"Access level labelled","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":1.0,"verdict":"yes","evidence":"The constructed mirTarCLASH database is freely available","grounded":true,"rationale":"The paper labels the data as 'freely available', which is a natural-language synonym for open access, meeting the definition of class 1.","anchors":["FsF-A1-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata contains access level and access conditions of the data'","RDA-A1-01M — metadata contains information to enable the user to get access to the data","COAR Controlled Vocabularies — Access Rights v1.0 (open / embargoed / restricted / metadata-onl"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"a_controlled_access_for_sensitive","label":"Gatekeeper for sensitive data","kind":"llm","weight":0.5,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"The data are not sensitive or human-subject; no gatekeeper of any kind is named, so the verdict is no.","anchors":["NIH Genomic Data Sharing Policy (NOT-OD-14-124) — controlled-access via a Data Access Committee","RDA-A1.2-01D — 'Data is accessible through an access protocol that supports authentication and ","NIH DMS Policy Element 5 (NOT-OD-21-014) — Access, Distribution, or Reuse Considerations (conse"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"a_timeline_retention","label":"Availability timing & retention","kind":"llm","weight":0.5,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"No sentence states when the data become available or how long they persist. [majority verdict 'no' (3/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["NIH DMS Plan Element 4 (NOT-OD-21-014) — Data Preservation, Access, and Associated Timelines","NSTC Desirable Characteristics (2022), Organizational Infrastructure: 'Retention Policy'","RDA-A2-01M — 'Metadata is guaranteed to remain available after data is no longer available'"],"scored":false,"signal":null}]},"I":{"name":"Interoperable","score":0.0,"criteria":[{"key":"i_open_nonproprietary_format","label":"Open file format","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"No file format token of any kind is named for the released data (the database is a web interface, not a downloadable file with a specified format).","anchors":["FsF-R1.3-02D — F-UJI: 'Data is available in a file format recommended by the target research co","RDA-R1.3-02D — data is expressed in a machine-understandable community standard","RDA-I1-01D — data uses a knowledge representation expressed in a standardised format"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"i_community_standard_vocabulary","label":"Community standard / vocabulary","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"No community data or metadata standard (e.g., MIAME, MINSEQE, ontology) is named as applied to the dataset.","anchors":["RDA-R1.3-01M — 'Metadata complies with a community standard' (priority Essential)","RDA-R1.3-01D — 'Data complies with a community standard'","RDA-I2-01M — '(Meta)data use vocabularies that follow FAIR principles'"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"i_qualified_references","label":"Identifiers for the resources the data depend on","kind":"llm","weight":0.5,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":"miRNA sequence information for all three species was retrieved from miRbase [19] (Release 22.1, downloaded on 8 January 2023).","grounded":false,"rationale":"The paper provides a versioned identifier (Release 22.1) for a resource other than its own dataset (miRBase). [downgraded to 'no' — no verifiable quote from the paper] [majority verdict 'no' (3/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["RDA-I3-01M — '(meta)data include references to other (meta)data'","RDA-I3-03M — 'metadata includes qualified references to other metadata'","FsF-I3-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata includes links between the data and its related entities'"],"scored":false,"signal":null}]},"R":{"name":"Reusable","score":41.67,"criteria":[{"key":"r_reuse_license","label":"Reuse licence","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"No licence or reuse terms are stated for the data; the CC-BY licence applies only to the article.","anchors":["RDA-R1.1-01M — 'Metadata includes information about the licence under which the data can be reu","RDA-R1.1-02M — 'Metadata refers to a standard reuse licence'","RDA-R1.1-03M — 'Metadata refers to a machine-understandable reuse licence'"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"r_provenance_methods","label":"Provenance of the data","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":1.0,"verdict":"yes","evidence":"the well-established chimera analysis pipeline ChiRA was used to extract the miRNAs and their target mRNA sequences from chimeric reads. Then, the precise binding sites for each miRNA–target sequence pair were computed by two RNA–RNA interaction identification algorithms, miRanda and RNAup.","grounded":true,"rationale":"The text names specific tools (ChiRA, miRanda, RNAup) used to produce the data, meeting the class 1 definition. [majority verdict 'yes' (4/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["RDA-R1.2-01M — 'Metadata includes provenance information according to community- specific standa","FsF-R1.2-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata includes provenance information about data creation or generati","W3C PROV-O (W3C Recommendation, 2013) — the entity/activity/agent model of provenance"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"r_documentation_codebook","label":"Documentation / codebook","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"No documentation object (README, codebook) is named as travelling with the data, and no table or appendix inside the article defines the variables explicitly.","anchors":["RDA-R1-01M — '(Meta)data are richly described with a plurality of accurate and relevant attribu","FsF-R1-01MD — F-UJI: 'Metadata specifies the content of the data'","NIH DMS Policy Element 3 (NOT-OD-21-014) — Standards (documentation and metadata to accompany t"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"r_versioning","label":"Snapshot identified","kind":"llm","weight":0.5,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"Neither a version token nor a date is given for the mirTarCLASH database itself; the only reference to 'current version' is not a specific identifier.","anchors":["DataCite Metadata Schema 4.6 — the 'Version' property","RDA-R1.2-01M — provenance information (which version was used is provenance)","NSTC Desirable Characteristics of Data Repositories (2022) — 'Provenance', 'Retention Policy'"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"x_code_availability","label":"Analysis code available","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":1.0,"verdict":"yes","evidence":"The CLASH data processing pipeline simplified from our current work (MUTACLASH) can be referenced at https://github.com/cosbi-nckuee/MirTarClash","grounded":true,"rationale":"A machine-resolvable code repository URL (GitHub) is provided for the study's own pipeline.","anchors":["NIH DMS Policy Element 2 (NOT-OD-21-014) — 'Related Tools, Software and/or Code'","FAIR4RS Principles v1.0 (Chue Hong et al., 2022; RDA/FORCE11/ReSA) — FAIR Principles for Resear","FORCE11 Software Citation Principles (Smith, Katz & Niemeyer, 2016, PeerJ CS 2:e86)"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"x_funding_attribution","label":"Funder and award number","kind":"llm","weight":0.5,"fraction":1.0,"verdict":"yes","evidence":"This work was supported by National Cheng Kung University, the Ministry of Science and Technology Council of Taiwan (MOST 112-2221-E-006-129-MY2, MOST 110-2221-E-006-198-MY3, NSTC 111-2221-E-006-151-MY3, and NSTC 113-2221-E-006-135-MY3), and the National Institutes of Health (R01-GM132457).","grounded":true,"rationale":"The paper lists specific grant numbers (e.g., R01-GM132457) attached to named funders.","anchors":["DataCite Metadata Schema 4.6 — 'FundingReference' property (funderName, funderIdentifier, award","Crossref Funder Registry — canonical funder identifiers for funding metadata","RDA-F2-01M — rich metadata provided to allow discovery (funding is part of the descriptive reco"],"scored":true,"signal":null}]}},"actions":[{"key":"r_reuse_license","dimension":"R","label":"Reuse licence","action":"Attach a standard, machine-readable open licence to the deposit — CC0 or CC BY, which is what Horizon Europe and most funders expect — and print the licence identifier in the paper. 'Free to use' is not a licence: it grants nothing a reuser's institution can rely on.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No licence or reuse terms are stated for the data; the CC-BY licence applies only to the article.","gain":16.67,"priority":"essential","scored":true},{"key":"f_dataset_pid","dimension":"F","label":"Persistent identifier for the data","action":"Mint or cite a persistent identifier for the dataset — a repository DOI or an accession from a registered repository — and print it in the paper. A bare URL is not persistent: it is the single most common cause of a dead data link five years after publication. For genomics / sequencing data, deposit in GEO (GSE accession), SRA (SRP/SRR) or ENA/BioProject (PRJEB/PRJNA).","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"partial","current":0.5,"evidence":"The constructed mirTarCLASH database is freely available at https://cosbi.ee.ncku.edu.tw/MirTarClash","why":"The identifier is a web URL, not a persistent identifier scheme (DOI, Handle, ARK, or repository accession). [majority verdict 'partial' (4/5 passes agreed)]","gain":8.33,"priority":"essential","scored":true},{"key":"f_repository_named","dimension":"F","label":"Named repository","action":"Deposit the data in a repository registered in re3data/FAIRsharing (a domain repository such as GEO, SRA, dbGaP, PRIDE, or a generalist such as Zenodo, Dryad, Dataverse) and name it explicitly in the paper. A lab website is not an archive: it has no retention commitment and no accession. 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[majority verdict 'no' (3/5 passes agreed)]","gain":0.0,"priority":"useful","scored":false}],"suggestions":["Attach a standard, machine-readable open licence to the deposit — CC0 or CC BY, which is what Horizon Europe and most funders expect — and print the licence identifier in the paper. 'Free to use' is not a licence: it grants nothing a reuser's institution can rely on.","Mint or cite a persistent identifier for the dataset — a repository DOI or an accession from a registered repository — and print it in the paper. A bare URL is not persistent: it is the single most common cause of a dead data link five years after publication. For genomics / sequencing data, deposit in GEO (GSE accession), SRA (SRP/SRR) or ENA/BioProject (PRJEB/PRJNA).","Deposit the data in a repository registered in re3data/FAIRsharing (a domain repository such as GEO, SRA, dbGaP, PRIDE, or a generalist such as Zenodo, Dryad, Dataverse) and name it explicitly in the paper. A lab website is not an archive: it has no retention commitment and no accession. For genomics / sequencing data, deposit in GEO (GSE accession), SRA (SRP/SRR) or ENA/BioProject (PRJEB/PRJNA).","Release the data in an open, community-standard format (CSV/TSV, JSON, HDF5, NetCDF, FASTQ, VCF, NIfTI…) instead of — or alongside — any proprietary or instrument-native format, and name the format in the paper. A dataset that needs a €2,000 licence to open is not reusable. Prefer open genomics / sequencing formats such as FASTQ, BAM or VCF.","Cite the dataset in the reference list like a publication — creator, year, title, repository, DOI/accession — and cite it in-text where it is used. Only a reference- list entry is machine-readable to Crossref/DataCite, and only a citation lets the data earn credit. Cite the genomics / sequencing repository accession (e.g. from GEO (GSE accession), SRA (SRP/SRR) or ENA/BioProject (PRJEB/PRJNA)) in the reference list."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash","agent_version":"fair_agent_v8","fulltext_source":"epmc_xml"},"fair_model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash","fair_agent_version":"fair_agent_v8","fair_fulltext_source":"epmc_xml","fair_has_llm":true,"fair_computed_at":"2026-07-20T13:32:38.024357Z","clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}