{"doi":"10.1093/clinchem/hvaa332","title":"Growth Differentiation Factor (GDF)-15 and Cardiometabolic Outcomes among Older Adults: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study","abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Laboratory studies suggest an involvement of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) in metabolic dysregulation. However, the utility of GDF-15 for assessing risk of cardiometabolic outcomes has not been rigorously examined among older adults. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of older adults who attended visit 6 (2016-2017) of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. We used multivariable logistic regression to quantify cross-sectional associations of GDF-15 (in quartiles) with prevalent diabetes, obesity, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), subclinical myocardial stress/injury (assessed by NT-proB-type Natriuretic Peptide [NT-proBNP] and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T [hs-cTnT]), and heart failure (HF). RESULTS: Among 3792 ARIC study participants (mean age 80 years, 59% women, 23% Blacks and 77% Whites, mean GDF-15: 2094.9 pg/mL [SD: 1395.6]), higher GDF-15 concentrations (highest vs. lowest quartile) were positively associated with diabetes (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]:] : 2.48, 95% CI : 1.89, 3.26), ASCVD (aOR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.16, 2.11), increased hscTnT (aOR: 2.27, 95%CI: 1.54, 3.34), increased NT-proBNP (aOR: 1.98, 95%CI: 1.46, 2.70), and HF (aOR: 3.22, 95%CI : 2.13, 4.85), in models adjusted for demographics and traditional cardiovascular risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: In this sample of older US black and whites, increased GDF-15 was positively associated with diabetes, ASCVD, HF, and markers of subclinical myocardial stress or injury. These results illustrate the diverse aspects of the link between GDF-15 and diseases states, and its potential utility as robust biomarker of adverse cardiometabolic outcomes.","journal":"Clinical Chemistry","year":2020,"id":94036,"datarank":0.5570358100056463,"base_score":3.713572066704308,"endowment":3.713572066704308,"self_citation_contribution":0.5570358100056463,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.5570358100056463,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":40,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9412,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":378742,"name":"Natalie Daya","orcid":"0000-0002-2257-0480","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":22652,"name":"Kunihiro Matsushita","orcid":"0000-0002-7179-718X","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":405217,"name":"Dan Wang","orcid":"0009-0006-9038-6024","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":340495,"name":"Chiadi E. Ndumele","orcid":"0000-0002-1603-282X","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":371434,"name":"Mahmoud Al Rifai","orcid":"0000-0002-6933-790X","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":233724,"name":"Ron C. Hoogeveen","orcid":"0000-0003-2399-4653","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":233725,"name":"Christie M. Ballantyne","orcid":"0000-0002-6432-1730","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":266269,"name":"Elizabeth Selvin","orcid":"0000-0001-6923-7151","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":377294,"name":"Justin B. Echouffo‐Tcheugui","orcid":"0000-0002-8460-1617","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":43,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-18T22:32:04.778261Z","pmid":"33582779","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}