{"doi":"10.1093/cid/ciaf606","title":"International Collaboration to Develop and Harmonize Drug Interaction Guidance for Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir During COVID-19: Lessons Learned for Future Pandemic Preparedness","abstract":"In December 2021 and January 2022, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antiviral drug, nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, was authorized in the United States, Canada, and Europe. However, ritonavir has significant drug-drug interaction (DDI) potential, and information resources were incomplete or provided conflicting advice for certain DDIs. Within the challenging pandemic setting, nirmatrelvir/ritonavir was being prescribed largely by clinicians unfamiliar with ritonavir. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affects people with comorbid conditions and polypharmacy who could benefit from therapy, but prescriber uncertainty surrounding the appropriate management of DDIs was a barrier to the use of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir. To support clinicians, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) panel on COVID-19 guidelines, the Ontario COVID-19 Science Advisory Table, and the University of Liverpool independently developed prescribing guidelines. Ultimately, the groups united to establish the LiON-PK (Liverpool-Ontario-NIH Pharmacokinetics) collaboration. Here we describe how the team developed pragmatic and harmonized guidance for managing DDIs with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir. This framework may inform development of prescribing resources for other complex medications or for future pandemic preparedness.","journal":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","year":2025,"id":579928,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":0,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9446,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1243127,"name":"Alice Tseng","orcid":"0000-0002-6480-6690","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1490395,"name":"Sarita D. 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