{"doi":"10.1093/cid/ciaf579","title":"Absolute and Relative Effectiveness of Cell Culture–Based and Egg–Based Quadrivalent Inactivated Influenza (Flu) Vaccine Products From the 2014–2015 to 2018–2019 Seasons, US Flu VE Network","abstract":"BACKGROUND: Estimates of annual effectiveness of influenza vaccination combine multiple vaccine types. Reports of brand/product-specific vaccine effectiveness (VE) of egg- and cell-culture based quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccines (IIV4/ccIIV4) are limited. METHODS: Using an observational test-negative study design, we compared effectiveness of selected IIV4 and ccIIV4 products among outpatients enrolled in the US Flu VE Network from 2014-2015 to 2018-2019. We used multivariable logistic regression to estimate product- and age-group-specific absolute and relative effectiveness of recommended, age-appropriate vaccines against symptomatic laboratory-confirmed outpatient influenza. Relative effectiveness of ccIIV4 versus IIV4 products was estimated during two seasons from 2017-2019 among participants aged ≥4 years. RESULTS: Pooling data from five influenza seasons when 18% and 15% of vaccinated patients had received Fluarix® Quadrivalent or Fluzone® Quadrivalent IIV4, respectively, VE against influenza was 32% for Fluarix IIV4 and 37% for Fluzone IIV4. Pooling two seasons when 11% and 28% of vaccinated patients had received ccIIV4/Flucelvax® Quadrivalent and FluLaval® Quadrivalent IIV4, respectively, VE against influenza for each product was 30%. Absolute VE compared to unvaccinated patients was lowest against influenza A(H3N2) compared to that against A(H1N1)pdm09 and each B lineage; VE point estimates were lowest among patients aged ≥50 years compared to two younger age-groups. Relative effectiveness estimates were not statistically significant, indicating similar protection across vaccine products. CONCLUSION: Comparisons of influenza vaccine products over multiple seasons showed benefit against symptomatic laboratory-confirmed outpatient influenza of both egg- and cell culture-based quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccines, with similar absolute and relative levels of protection provided by each product.","journal":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","year":2025,"id":578385,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":0,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.539,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":268711,"name":"Chandni Raiyani","orcid":"0000-0002-5448-9548","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":268713,"name":"Kempapura Murthy","orcid":"0000-0003-0437-5179","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":268712,"name":"Michael Smith","orcid":"0000-0002-0897-6409","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":536562,"name":"Briget da Graca","orcid":"0000-0002-8634-7122","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1488355,"name":"Gueorgui Dubrocq","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":617363,"name":"Madhava Beeram","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":226888,"name":"Emily T. Martin","orcid":"0000-0002-5771-8895","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":231053,"name":"Arnold S. Monto","orcid":"0000-0003-3018-435X","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":264489,"name":"Richard K. Zimmerman","orcid":"0000-0001-5941-6092","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":264490,"name":"Mary Patricia Nowalk","orcid":"0000-0002-1702-2690","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":518747,"name":"Erika Kiniry","orcid":null,"position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":518746,"name":"C. Hallie Phillips","orcid":null,"position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1181412,"name":"Huong Q. Nguyen","orcid":"0000-0003-2725-6439","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":268705,"name":"Jennifer P. King","orcid":"0000-0003-4627-1378","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":105979,"name":"Sara Kim","orcid":"0000-0002-1056-9896","position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":249372,"name":"Jessie R. Chung","orcid":"0000-0001-5205-966X","position":16,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":242317,"name":"Brendan Flannery","orcid":"0000-0001-5041-308X","position":17,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":264491,"name":"Manjusha Gaglani","orcid":"0000-0002-3952-9230","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":27,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:58:20.638044Z","pmid":"41102880","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}