{"doi":"10.1093/cid/ciaf129","title":"The Effect of Live-Virus Vaccines on Tests for Tuberculosis Infection During the US Immigration Medical Examination: Are Vaccines Causing False-Negative Results?","abstract":"BACKGROUND: It is not recommended to perform tuberculin skin tests (TSTs) or interferon-γ release assays (IGRAs) in the 4 weeks following live-virus vaccination because these vaccines are thought to increase the risk of false-negative results. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed TST and IGRA results for 158 484 US-bound immigrant and refugee children aged 2-14 years who received a required medical examination and live-virus vaccines (measles, mumps, rubella; oral polio; or varicella) overseas during 2014-2022. We created logistic regression models to assess the association between test positivity and vaccination during the critical interval (1-28 days after live-virus vaccination) versus after or before, adjusting for sex, age group, country of examination, and other factors. RESULTS: The percentage of positive results and the adjusted odds of a positive IGRA result were higher for children tested during the critical interval (4.6%) than for those tested after (3.5%) (adjusted odds ratio, 1.27 [95% confidence interval, 1.13-1.43) or before (3.3%) (1.26 [1.13-1.41]). The percentage of positive results and the adjusted odds of a positive TST were also higher for children tested during the critical interval (15.7%) than for those tested after (7.2%) (adjusted odds ratio, 2.40 [95% confidence interval, 1.79-3.22]) or before (6.6%) (3.81 [2.80--5.18]). CONCLUSIONS: The concern that recent administration of live-virus vaccines leads to false-negative TST and IGRA results is not supported by these findings. Instead, we observed a modest increase in positive results among children tested during the critical postvaccination interval, challenging the need for the testing delay.","journal":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","year":2025,"id":566048,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":0,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9442,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":925271,"name":"Zanju Wang","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":341397,"name":"Christina R. Phares","orcid":"0000-0003-4402-6395","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1017785,"name":"Joanna J. Regan","orcid":"0000-0002-9179-6694","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":15,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:56:32.546082Z","pmid":"40370038","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}