{"doi":"10.1093/cid/ciad770","title":"Effect of Daily Vitamin D Supplementation on Risk of Upper Respiratory Infection in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial","abstract":"BACKGROUND: Among individuals with vitamin D deficiency, daily vitamin D supplementation appears to lower risk of acute respiratory infection. However, recent trials, in different populations and using different regimens, have yielded null results. We investigated the effect of daily vitamin D supplementation (vs placebo) on risk of upper respiratory infection (URI) in older adults. METHODS: The VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL) is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of supplemental vitamin D and/or omega-3 fatty acids in generally healthy men (age ≥50 years) and women (age ≥55 years). This prespecified analysis focuses on vitamin D3 (2000 IU/day) versus placebo in the 15 804 (61%) participants with baseline serum total 25-hydroxyvitamin D level. The primary outcome was self-report of a recent URI at 1-year follow-up. RESULTS: Participants had a mean age of 68 years and 51% were women; 76% were non-Hispanic White, 16% Black, and 8% other race/ethnicity. The mean 25-hydroxyvitamin D level at baseline was 31 (standard deviation, 10) ng/mL, with <12 ng/mL in 2.4%. The overall effect of vitamin D supplementation on recent URI was nonsignificant (odds ratio [OR], 0.96 [95% confidence interval {CI}, .86-1.06]). In the prespecified subgroup of primary interest (<12 ng/mL and denied taking concurrent vitamin D), which had only 255 participants, vitamin D supplementation was nonsignificant (OR, 0.60 [95% CI, .28-1.30]). Statistical power to assess effect modification in other subgroups was limited. CONCLUSIONS: In older adults not selected for vitamin D deficiency, supplemental vitamin D did not lower URI risk overall. Whether effects differ in subgroups requires further study. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT01169259.","journal":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","year":2023,"id":348905,"datarank":0.49245050682681024,"base_score":2.4849066497880004,"endowment":2.4849066497880004,"self_citation_contribution":0.37273599746820013,"citation_network_contribution":0.11971450935861014,"self_endowment_contribution":0.37273599746820013,"citer_contribution":0.11971450935861014,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":11,"citer_count":9,"citers_with_citation_signal":4,"citers_with_endowment":4,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9601,"is_data_producer":true,"deposit_databanks":{"ClinicalTrials.gov":["NCT01169259"]},"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":54624,"name":"Debra A. Schaumberg","orcid":"0000-0002-3368-6569","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":754356,"name":"Georgina Friedenberg","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":335958,"name":"Rimma Dushkes","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":45776,"name":"Robert J. Glynn","orcid":"0000-0002-0697-8996","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":71916,"name":"Diane R. Gold","orcid":"0000-0001-8789-418X","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":351263,"name":"Samia Mora","orcid":"0000-0001-6283-0980","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":20423,"name":"I‐Min Lee","orcid":"0000-0002-1083-6907","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":6430,"name":"Julie E. Buring","orcid":"0000-0003-2648-8692","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":11268,"name":"JoAnn E. Manson","orcid":"0000-0002-9426-7595","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":242827,"name":"Carlos A. Camargo","orcid":"0000-0002-5071-7654","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":27,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:12:10.335697Z","pmid":"38113446","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}