{"doi":"10.1093/cid/ciad005","title":"Reply to Steele et al","abstract":"TO THE EDITOR-Steele and colleagues [1] suggest 2 mechanisms for naturally arising high titer immunoglobulin (Ig) M (IgM) and IgG antibodies, resulting in random reactivity patterns that could give rise to false seropositive antibody detection results.We agree that attention must be paid to the likelihood of false seropositive antibody results, particularly during times of low infection prevalence such as the start of a pandemic when an antigen is circulating but not yet causing substantial clinically recognized illness.Steele and colleagues [1] point to three severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) seroprevalence studies with a healthy skepticism of results, including our study findings, which they describe as \"more represented of the 'norm' than\" other studies [2][3][4].We ask three questions of the noted studies by Steele and colleagues [1] to explore their differing estimates of seroprevalence prior to the \"start\" of the pandemic:","journal":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","year":2023,"id":402354,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":0,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9555,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":311291,"name":"Kelly A. Gebo","orcid":"0000-0003-4010-398X","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":6450,"name":"Sheri D. Schully","orcid":"0000-0003-1550-9224","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":240243,"name":"Keri N. Althoff","orcid":"0000-0002-5068-6595","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":4,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:20:27.903246Z","pmid":"36631171","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}