{"doi":"10.1093/cid/ciac447","title":"No Association of <i>IFNL4</i> Genotype With Opportunistic Infections and Cancers Among Men With Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 Infection","abstract":"BACKGROUND: IFNL4 genetic variants that are strongly associated with clearance of hepatitis C virus have been linked to risk of certain opportunistic infections (OIs) and cancers, including Kaposi sarcoma, cytomegalovirus infection, and herpes simplex virus infection. As the interferon (IFN) λ family plays a role in response to viral, bacterial, and fungal infections, IFNL4 genotype might affect risk for a wide range of OIs/cancers. METHODS: We examined associations between genotype for the functional IFNL4 rs368234815 polymorphism and incidence of 16 OIs/cancers among 2310 men with human immunodeficiency virus (2038 white; 272 black) enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study during 1984-1990. Our primary analyses used Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for self-reported racial ancestry to estimate hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals, comparing participants with the genotypes that generate IFN-λ4 and those with the genotype that abrogates IFN-λ4. We censored follow-up at the introduction of highly effective antiretroviral therapies. RESULTS: We found no statistically significant association between IFNL4 genotype and the incidence of Kaposi sarcoma (hazard ratio, 0.92 [95% confidence interval, .76-1.11]), cytomegalovirus infection (0.94 [.71-1.24]), herpes simplex virus infection (1.37 [.68-2.93]), or any other OI/cancer. We observed consistent results using additive genetic models and after controlling for CD4 cell count through time-dependent adjustment or restriction to participants with a low CD4 cell count. CONCLUSIONS: The absence of associations between IFNL4 genotype and these OIs/cancers provides evidence that this gene does not affect the risk of disease from opportunistic pathogens.","journal":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","year":2022,"id":296231,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":1,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9645,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":282342,"name":"Sarah S. Jackson","orcid":"0000-0001-6986-8842","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":282490,"name":"Ruth M. Pfeiffer","orcid":"0000-0001-7791-2698","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":317453,"name":"Eun‐Young Kim","orcid":"0000-0002-7436-7396","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":859323,"name":"Sabrina Chen","orcid":"0009-0009-2805-9059","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":369565,"name":"Shehnaz K. Hussain","orcid":"0000-0002-2015-0546","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":415259,"name":"Lisa P. Jacobson","orcid":"0000-0003-1722-6826","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":292654,"name":"Jeremy Martinson","orcid":"0000-0003-4673-7238","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":237171,"name":"Ludmila Prokunina‐Olsson","orcid":"0000-0002-9622-2091","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":414209,"name":"Chloe L. Thio","orcid":"0000-0002-8851-8319","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":115227,"name":"Priya Duggal","orcid":"0000-0001-5809-2081","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":56243,"name":"Steven M. Wolinsky","orcid":"0000-0002-9625-6697","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":24060,"name":"Thomas R. OʼBrien","orcid":"0000-0003-0003-6065","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":982439,"name":"Michelle Fang","orcid":"0000-0003-1548-010X","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":40,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T00:31:12.531553Z","pmid":"36573283","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}