{"doi":"10.1093/cid/ciac357","title":"A Review of Infectious Diseases Guidelines’ Incorporation of Economic Evidence","abstract":"To theEditor—The cost of diagnostics and treatment can significantly impact access and quality of care. As healthcare costs continue to rise in the United States, economic evaluation and cost-effectiveness studies can guide societal decisions about adopting clinical innovations. Clinical guidelines panels have the opportunity to incorporate economic evidence into guideline recommendations. The recent update to the Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) guidelines, which recommended fidaxomicin as first line, and to consider bezlotoxumab for cases of recurrent CDI, elicited concern that economic considerations were not sufficiently incorporated into decision making [1]. Our objective was to identify how infectious diseases guidelines incorporate economic evidence or cost considerations when providing recommendations. We reviewed all available (N = 29) Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) guidelines for incorporation of economic factors, including “cost,” “economic,” “price,” “insurance,” and “dollars.” All studies mentioned cost at least once, but fewer incorporated it into recommendations, and fewer still had explicit methodological statements about how economic evidence was incorporated into panel decision making (Figure 1). Qualitative review of guideline text revealed that the panels would cite the cost of certain therapies, but not others, as a consideration, but rarely cited formal cost-effectiveness studies.","journal":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","year":2022,"id":288513,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":1,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9537,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":308259,"name":"Shashi N. Kapadia","orcid":"0000-0001-6363-2839","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":969299,"name":"Madeline King","orcid":"0000-0002-5825-7891","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":8,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T00:30:14.968626Z","pmid":"35512134","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}