{"doi":"10.1093/cid/ciac258","title":"Immune Response to LinB13, a <i>Lutzomyia Intermedia</i> Salivary Protein Correlates With Disease Severity in Tegumentary Leishmaniasis","abstract":"BACKGROUND: We have previously shown that seropositivity to rLinB-13, a salivary protein from Lutzomyia intermedia, predicted sand fly exposure and was associated with increased risk of developing cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). METHODS: Here, we investigated the cellular immune response to saliva from Lu. intermedia, using rLinB-13 as a surrogate antigen in naturally exposed individuals presenting positive serology to LinB-13. We also investigated the response to rLinB-13 in leishmaniasis patients, displaying active ulcers and positive PCR for Leishmania braziliensis. RESULTS: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) stimulated in vitro with rLinB-13 secreted elevated levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10), IL-4, IL-1β, IL-1α, IL-6, and chemokines (CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, and CXCL5). CL and disseminated leishmaniasis (DL) patients displayed a significantly higher immunoglobulin G (IgG) response to rLinB-13 compared with healthy subjects, and anti-rLinB-13 IgG was positively correlated with the number of lesions in DL patients. Positive serology to rLinB-13 was also associated with chemotherapy failure. PBMCs from DL patients stimulated with rLINB-13 secreted significantly higher levels of IL-10 and IL-1β compared with CL individuals. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we observed an association between humoral and cellular immune response to the sand fly salivary protein rLinB-13 and disease severity in tegumentary leishmaniasis. This study brings evidence that immunity to rLinB-13 influences disease outcome in L. braziliensis infection and results indicate that positive serology to rLinB-13 IgG can be used as a marker of DL, an emerging and severe form of disease caused by L. braziliensis.","journal":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","year":2022,"id":289935,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":4,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9666,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":386117,"name":"Sayonara M. Viana","orcid":"0000-0002-1473-1299","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":252301,"name":"Bruno B. Andrade","orcid":"0000-0001-6833-3811","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":271926,"name":"Fabiano Oliveira","orcid":"0000-0002-7924-8038","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":271936,"name":"Jesús G. Valenzuela","orcid":"0000-0002-5589-9450","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":416445,"name":"Edgar M. Carvalho","orcid":"0000-0002-2697-8002","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":386119,"name":"Camila I. de Oliveira","orcid":"0000-0002-7868-5164","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":416441,"name":"Augusto M. Carvalho","orcid":"0000-0002-8031-4805","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":42,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T00:30:26.667578Z","pmid":"35385578","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}