{"doi":"10.1093/cid/ciac059","title":"Prevalence and Correlates of Viral Load Suppression and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Drug Resistance Among Children and Adolescents in South Rift Valley and Kisumu, Kenya","abstract":"BACKGROUND: Children and adolescents living with HIV (CALHIV) face unique challenges, including poorer treatment outcomes, risk for drug-resistance mutations (HIVDRMs), and limited drug formulations. We estimated viral suppression (VS) prevalence and evaluated predictors of VS and HIVDRMs in Kenya. METHODS: From 2018-2020, CALHIV 1-19 years on antiretroviral therapy (ART) >6 months were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Participants underwent viral load (VL) testing; those with VL ≥1000 copies/mL had HIVDRM testing. Sociodemographic questionnaires and medical record abstraction were completed. VS prevalence (VL <1000 copies/mL) was estimated; robust Poisson regression models were used to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% CIs for associations between potential predictors of VS. RESULTS: Nine hundred and sixty-nine participants were enrolled. VS prevalence was .80 (95% CI: .78-.83). Being on ART >24 months (adjusted PR [aPR]: 1.22; 95% CI: 1.06-1.41), an integrase strand transfer inhibitor-containing regimen (1.13; 1.02-1.26), and attending a level 3 health facility (1.23; 1.11-1.36) were associated with VS. Missing ≥3 doses of ART in the past month (aPR: .73; 95% CI: .58-.92), having a viremic mother with HIV (.72; .53-.98), and having 3-7 (.90; .83-.97), 8-13 (.89; .82-.97), or ≥14 (.84; .77-.92) compared with <2 adherence counseling referrals were inversely associated with VS. A high proportion (n = 119, 81.5%) of unsuppressed participants had evidence of any major HIVDRM. CONCLUSIONS: HIV treatment programs should target interventions for pediatric patients at risk for treatment failure-namely, those with a caregiver with failed VS and those struggling with adherence.","journal":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","year":2022,"id":256110,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":19,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.8194,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":905432,"name":"Margaret Bii","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":546104,"name":"Nicole Dear","orcid":"0000-0002-8026-9901","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":904973,"name":"Kavitha Ganesan","orcid":"0000-0001-8450-5919","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":905433,"name":"Alex Kasembeli","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":764838,"name":"Valentine Sing’oei","orcid":"0000-0001-9434-9630","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":905434,"name":"Kevin Rombosia","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":905435,"name":"Christopher Ochieng","orcid":null,"position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":905436,"name":"Priyanka Desai","orcid":null,"position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":905437,"name":"Vanessa Wolfman","orcid":null,"position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":905438,"name":"Peter Coakley","orcid":null,"position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":904974,"name":"Elizabeth Lee","orcid":"0000-0003-2094-6445","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":453670,"name":"Patrick W. Hickey","orcid":"0000-0003-4500-4403","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":689167,"name":"Jeffrey Livezey","orcid":"0000-0001-9748-095X","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":380216,"name":"Patricia Agaba","orcid":"0000-0002-8847-3085","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":905431,"name":"Isaac Tsikhutsu","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":32,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T00:25:21.336200Z","pmid":"35092424","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}