{"doi":"10.1093/cid/ciab764","title":"Evolution of Fatty Liver Disease and Relationship With Lipoproteins and Clinical Outcomes in Hepatitis B/Human Immunodeficiency Virus Coinfection","abstract":"BACKGROUND: Fatty liver disease (FLD) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection occur commonly in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). FLD resolution is associated with improvement in lipoproteins in HIV-uninfected patients. We evaluated changes in FLD in an HBV/HIV-coinfected cohort. METHODS: One hundred eight HBV/HIV-coinfected adults with baseline liver biopsies were followed every 24 weeks (median, 166 weeks) and 60 had follow-up biopsies. Baseline FLD categories (none, ≥5% steatosis, steatohepatitis), their change, and relationships with clinical and lipid/lipoprotein parameters were explored using multivariable modeling. RESULTS: Median age was 50 years, and 93% were male. At baseline 30% had FLD. With control for lipid-lowering medications and body mass index, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (LDL-C), LDL particle concentration (LDL-P), and apolipoprotein B (apoB) decreased and adiponectin increased over time (all P < .05); On follow-up (vs baseline), there was no significant difference in FLD category (P = .85); 60% remained without FLD, 17% had unchanged, 12% worsening, and 12% improved FLD. Baseline low-density lipoproteins (LDL-C, LDL-P, small LDL-P) and apoB appeared highest in those with unchanged FLD status (all P < .05). No associations between changes in FLD across follow-up (worsening/improvement vs unchanged) and lipid/lipoproteins changes were identified. CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort, there was no significant change in FLD prevalence over a relatively short timeframe. Baseline atherogenic lipids appeared highest in those with persistent steatosis or steatohepatitis, suggesting potentially increased cardiovascular risk in this group, but an independent relationship between individual-level change in FLD status and lipid/lipoprotein levels across follow-up was not observed.","journal":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","year":2021,"id":212317,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":1,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.7347,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":381749,"name":"Wendy C. King","orcid":"0000-0002-0740-0029","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":225662,"name":"David E. Kleiner","orcid":"0000-0003-3442-4453","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":270866,"name":"Raymond T. Chung","orcid":"0000-0001-7587-718X","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":362773,"name":"Atul K. Bhan","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":270560,"name":"Marc G. Ghany","orcid":"0000-0003-2837-0188","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":315359,"name":"Mark Sulkowski","orcid":"0000-0002-2145-6352","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":404033,"name":"Mauricio Lisker‐Melman","orcid":"0000-0001-7929-6841","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":104967,"name":"Mamta K. Jain","orcid":"0000-0003-2292-6544","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":270563,"name":"Harry L.A. Janssen","orcid":"0000-0003-2398-8392","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":781394,"name":"Amanda S. Hinerman","orcid":"0000-0001-8167-2463","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":260246,"name":"Arun J. Sanyal","orcid":"0000-0001-8682-5748","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":325248,"name":"Richard K. Sterling","orcid":"0000-0002-8637-2475","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":336587,"name":"Mandana Khalili","orcid":"0000-0001-9178-9139","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":31,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:52:27.434608Z","pmid":"34698347","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}