{"doi":"10.1093/cid/ciab1032","title":"Effectiveness of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccines Among Incarcerated People in California State Prisons: Retrospective Cohort Study","abstract":"BACKGROUND: Prisons and jails are high-risk settings for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Vaccines may substantially reduce these risks, but evidence is needed on COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness for incarcerated people, who are confined in large, risky congregate settings. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study to estimate effectiveness of messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines, BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) and mRNA-1273 (Moderna), against confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections among incarcerated people in California prisons from 22 December 2020 through 1 March 2021. The California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation provided daily data for all prison residents including demographic, clinical, and carceral characteristics, as well as COVID-19 testing, vaccination, and outcomes. We estimated vaccine effectiveness using multivariable Cox models with time-varying covariates, adjusted for resident characteristics and infection rates across prisons. RESULTS: Among 60 707 cohort members, 49% received at least 1 BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 dose during the study period. Estimated vaccine effectiveness was 74% (95% confidence interval [CI], 64%-82%) from day 14 after first dose until receipt of second dose and 97% (95% CI, 88%-99%) from day 14 after second dose. Effectiveness was similar among the subset of residents who were medically vulnerable: 74% (95% CI, 62%-82%) and 92% (95% CI, 74%-98%) from 14 days after first and second doses, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Consistent with results from randomized trials and observational studies in other populations, mRNA vaccines were highly effective in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infections among incarcerated people. Prioritizing incarcerated people for vaccination, redoubling efforts to boost vaccination, and continuing other ongoing mitigation practices are essential in preventing COVID-19 in this disproportionately affected population.","journal":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","year":2022,"id":253173,"datarank":0.47032413238937254,"base_score":3.1354942159291497,"endowment":3.1354942159291497,"self_citation_contribution":0.47032413238937254,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.47032413238937254,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":22,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9666,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":857390,"name":"David Leidner","orcid":"0000-0003-3815-8279","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":898582,"name":"Yifan Zhang","orcid":"0000-0002-9270-0658","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":899148,"name":"Elizabeth E. Long","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":519460,"name":"Lea Prince","orcid":"0000-0002-5912-3561","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":227082,"name":"Stephanie J. Schrag","orcid":"0000-0002-8113-2544","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":616173,"name":"Jennifer R. Verani","orcid":"0000-0001-5267-1883","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":348832,"name":"Ryan E. Wiegand","orcid":"0000-0002-9486-1850","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":271680,"name":"Fernando Alarid‐Escudero","orcid":"0000-0001-5076-1172","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":271682,"name":"Jeremy D. Goldhaber‐Fiebert","orcid":"0000-0002-4007-5192","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":271681,"name":"David M. Studdert","orcid":"0000-0003-0585-5537","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":231886,"name":"Jason R. Andrews","orcid":"0000-0002-5967-251X","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":22312,"name":"Joshua A. Salomon","orcid":"0000-0003-3929-5515","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":30810,"name":"Elizabeth T. Chin","orcid":"0000-0001-5774-4236","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":26,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-19T00:24:55.325369Z","pmid":"35083482","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}