{"doi":"10.1093/cid/ciab029","title":"A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analyses to Assess the Effectiveness of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Self-testing Distribution Strategies","abstract":"BACKGROUND: We conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis to identify which human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) self-testing (HIVST) distribution strategies are most effective. METHODS: We abstracted data from randomized controlled trials and observational studies published between 4 June 2006 and 4 June 2019. RESULTS: We included 33 studies, yielding 6 HIVST distribution strategies. All distribution strategies increased testing uptake compared to standard testing: in sub-Saharan Africa, partner HIVST distribution ranked highest (78% probability); in North America, Asia, and the Pacific regions, web-based distribution ranked highest (93% probability), and facility based distribution ranked second in all settings. Across HIVST distribution strategies HIV positivity and linkage was similar to standard testing. CONCLUSIONS: A range of HIVST distribution strategies are effective in increasing HIV testing. HIVST distribution by sexual partners, web-based distribution, as well as health facility distribution strategies should be considered for implementation to expand the reach of HIV testing services.","journal":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","year":2021,"id":151036,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":86,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.5207,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":315408,"name":"Muhammad S. Jamil","orcid":"0000-0001-9637-7838","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":642041,"name":"T. Charles Witzel","orcid":"0000-0003-4262-261X","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":643458,"name":"David V Glidded","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":315409,"name":"Cheryl Johnson","orcid":"0000-0001-5499-5523","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":643459,"name":"Noelle Le Trouneau","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":559191,"name":"Nathan Ford","orcid":"0000-0003-1482-3967","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":642042,"name":"Kathleen McGee","orcid":"0000-0001-5054-977X","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":642043,"name":"Christopher G. Kemp","orcid":"0000-0003-1231-1546","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":227356,"name":"Stefan Baral","orcid":"0000-0002-5482-2419","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":265301,"name":"Sheree Schwartz","orcid":null,"position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":371005,"name":"Elvin Geng","orcid":"0000-0002-0825-1424","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":371001,"name":"Ingrid Eshun‐Wilson","orcid":"0000-0002-4049-9868","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":42,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:43:11.293086Z","pmid":"34398952","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}