{"doi":"10.1093/cid/ciaa801","title":"Risk Factors for Recurrent<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>Bacteremia","abstract":"BACKGROUND: To understand the clinical, bacterial, and host characteristics associated with recurrent Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (R-SAB), patients with R-SAB were compared to contemporaneous patients with a single episode of SAB (S-SAB). METHODS: All SAB isolates underwent spa genotyping. All isolates from R-SAB patients underwent pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). PFGE-indistinguishable pairs from 40 patients underwent whole genome sequencing (WGS). Acute phase plasma from R-SAB and S-SAB patients was matched 1:1 for age, race, sex, and bacterial genotype, and underwent cytokine quantification using 25-analyte multiplex bead array. RESULTS: R-SAB occurred in 69 (9.1%) of the 756 study patients. Of the 69 patients, 30 experienced relapse (43.5%) and 39 reinfection (56.5%). Age, race, hemodialysis dependence, presence of foreign body, methicillin-resistant Staphyloccus aureus, and persistent bacteremia were individually associated with likelihood of recurrence. Multivariate risk modeling revealed that black hemodialysis patients were nearly 2 times more likely (odds ratio [OR] = 9.652 [95% confidence interval [CI], 5.402-17.418]) than white hemodialysis patients (OR = 4.53 [95% CI, 1.696-10.879]) to experience R-SAB. WGS confirmed PFGE interpretations in all cases. Median RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted) levels in acute phase plasma from the initial episode of SAB were higher in R-SAB than in matched S-SAB controls (P = .0053, false discovery rate < 0.10). CONCLUSION: This study identified several risk factors for R-SAB. The largest risk for R-SAB is among black hemodialysis patients. Higher RANTES levels in R-SAB compared to matched controls warrants further study.","journal":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","year":2020,"id":62589,"datarank":0.5897738449086489,"base_score":3.9318256327243257,"endowment":3.9318256327243257,"self_citation_contribution":0.5897738449086489,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.5897738449086489,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":50,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9627,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":331148,"name":"Michael Dagher","orcid":"0000-0002-4305-9294","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":37805,"name":"Felicia Ruffin","orcid":"0000-0003-2176-6462","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":303612,"name":"Lawrence P. Park","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":331149,"name":"Batu K. Sharma‐Kuinkel","orcid":"0000-0002-7217-3213","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":331150,"name":"Maria Souli","orcid":"0000-0003-3401-4534","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":331151,"name":"Alison M. Morse","orcid":"0000-0003-4286-6489","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":319849,"name":"Emily M. Eichenberger","orcid":"0000-0002-2469-0638","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":286181,"name":"Lauren Hale","orcid":"0000-0002-2574-2225","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":331152,"name":"Celia Kohler","orcid":"0000-0002-8517-4012","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":331153,"name":"Bobby Warren","orcid":"0000-0002-7238-0300","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":332865,"name":"Brenda Hansen","orcid":null,"position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":331154,"name":"Felix Mba Medie","orcid":"0000-0002-8265-4563","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":307666,"name":"Lauren M. McIntyre","orcid":"0000-0002-0077-3359","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":32929,"name":"Vance G. Fowler","orcid":"0000-0002-8048-0897","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":331147,"name":"Seong‐Ho Choi","orcid":"0000-0001-8108-2412","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":40,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-18T21:10:35.996198Z","pmid":"32564065","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}