{"doi":"10.1093/cid/ciaa298","title":"Susceptibility to Hepatitis A Virus Infection in the United States, 2007–2016","abstract":"BACKGROUND: Despite national immunization efforts, including universal childhood hepatitis A (HepA) vaccination recommendations in 2006, hepatitis A virus (HAV)-associated outbreaks have increased in the United States. Unvaccinated or previously uninfected persons are susceptible to HAV infection, yet the susceptibility in the US population is not well known. METHODS: Using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2016 data, we estimated HAV susceptibility prevalence (total HAV antibody negative) among persons aged ≥2 years. Among US-born adults aged ≥20 years, we examined prevalence, predictors, and age-adjusted trends of HAV susceptibility by sociodemographic characteristics. We assessed HAV susceptibility and self-reported nonvaccination to HepA among risk groups and the \"immunization cohort\" (those born in or after 2004). RESULTS: Among US-born adults aged ≥20 years, HAV susceptibility prevalence was 74.1% (95% confidence interval, 72.9-75.3%) during 2007-2016. Predictors of HAV susceptibility were age group 30-49 years, non-Hispanic white/black, 130% above the poverty level, and no health insurance. Prevalences of HAV susceptibility and nonvaccination to HepA, respectively, were 72.9% and 73.1% among persons who reported injection drug use, 67.5% and 65.2% among men who had sex with men, 55.2% and 75.1% among persons with hepatitis B or hepatitis C, and 22.6% and 25.9% among the immunization cohort. Susceptibility and nonvaccination decreased over time among the immunization cohort but remained stable among risk groups. CONCLUSIONS: During 2007-2016, approximately three-fourths of US-born adults remained HAV susceptible. Enhanced vaccination efforts are critically needed, particularly targeting adults at highest risk for HAV infection, to mitigate the current outbreaks.","journal":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","year":2020,"id":91062,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":46,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.6769,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":456403,"name":"Laurie K. Barker","orcid":"0000-0002-0215-5669","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":456404,"name":"Kathleen N. Ly","orcid":"0000-0003-4331-1389","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":456405,"name":"Greta Kilmer","orcid":"0000-0002-6419-6706","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":342295,"name":"Monique A. Foster","orcid":"0000-0002-9088-5281","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":409721,"name":"Jan Drobeniuc","orcid":"0000-0002-0735-8115","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":456406,"name":"Ruth Jiles","orcid":"0000-0002-7132-4008","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":456402,"name":"Shaoman Yin","orcid":"0000-0002-2633-6640","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":28,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T22:28:45.409789Z","pmid":"32193542","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}