{"doi":"10.1093/cid/ciaa160","title":"Relative and Absolute Effectiveness of High-Dose and Standard-Dose Influenza Vaccine Against Influenza-Related Hospitalization Among Older Adults—United States, 2015–2017","abstract":"BACKGROUND: Seasonal influenza causes substantial morbidity and mortality in older adults. High-dose inactivated influenza vaccine (HD-IIV), with increased antigen content compared to standard-dose influenza vaccines (SD-IIV), is licensed for use in people aged ≥65 years. We sought to evaluate the effectiveness of HD-IIV and SD-IIV for prevention of influenza-associated hospitalizations. METHODS: Hospitalized patients with acute respiratory illness were enrolled in an observational vaccine effectiveness study at 8 hospitals in the United States Hospitalized Adult Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Network during the 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 influenza seasons. Enrolled patients were tested for influenza, and receipt of influenza vaccine by type was recorded. Effectiveness of SD-IIV and HD-IIV was estimated using a test-negative design (comparing odds of influenza among vaccinated and unvaccinated patients). Relative effectiveness of SD-IIV and HD-IIV was estimated using logistic regression. RESULTS: Among 1487 enrolled patients aged ≥65 years, 1107 (74%) were vaccinated; 622 (56%) received HD-IIV, and 485 (44%) received SD-IIV. Overall, 277 (19%) tested positive for influenza, including 98 (16%) who received HD-IIV, 87 (18%) who received SD-IIV, and 92 (24%) who were unvaccinated. After adjusting for confounding variables, effectiveness of SD-IIV was 6% (95% confidence interval [CI] -42%, 38%) and that of HD-IIV was 32% (95% CI -3%, 54%), for a relative effectiveness of HD-IIV versus SD-IIV of 27% (95% CI -1%, 48%). CONCLUSIONS: During 2 US influenza seasons, vaccine effectiveness was low to moderate for prevention of influenza hospitalization among adults aged ≥65 years. High-dose vaccine offered greater effectiveness. None of these findings were statistically significant.","journal":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","year":2020,"id":95153,"datarank":0.5416376868966337,"base_score":3.6109179126442243,"endowment":3.6109179126442243,"self_citation_contribution":0.5416376868966337,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.5416376868966337,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":36,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9551,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":474192,"name":"Lauren Beacham","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":226888,"name":"Emily T. Martin","orcid":"0000-0002-5771-8895","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":105916,"name":"H. Keipp Talbot","orcid":"0000-0003-0141-1760","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":231053,"name":"Arnold S. Monto","orcid":"0000-0003-3018-435X","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":264491,"name":"Manjusha Gaglani","orcid":"0000-0002-3952-9230","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":335917,"name":"Donald B. Middleton","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":335126,"name":"Fernanda P. Silveira","orcid":"0000-0002-1473-0878","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":264489,"name":"Richard K. Zimmerman","orcid":"0000-0001-5941-6092","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":473192,"name":"Elif Alyanak","orcid":"0000-0002-5894-3904","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":106016,"name":"Emily Smith","orcid":"0000-0002-2633-5189","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":242317,"name":"Brendan Flannery","orcid":"0000-0001-5041-308X","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":105908,"name":"Melissa A. Rolfes","orcid":"0000-0002-0483-9941","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":249371,"name":"Jill M. Ferdinands","orcid":"0000-0002-4008-0653","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":473191,"name":"Joshua Doyle","orcid":"0000-0001-5131-6695","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":40,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-18T22:33:30.364261Z","pmid":"32067049","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}