{"doi":"10.1093/cid/ciaa1245","title":"How Do Presenting Symptoms and Outcomes Differ by Race/Ethnicity Among Hospitalized Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection? Experience in Massachusetts","abstract":"BACKGROUND: Population-based literature suggests severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection may disproportionately affect racial/ethnic minorities; however, patient-level observations of hospitalization outcomes by race/ethnicity are limited. Our aim in this study was to characterize coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated morbidity and in-hospital mortality by race/ethnicity. METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis of 9 Massachusetts hospitals including all consecutive adult patients hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19. Measured outcomes were assessed and compared by patient-reported race/ethnicity, classified as white, black, Latinx, Asian, or other. Student t test, Fischer exact test, and multivariable regression analyses were performed. RESULTS: A total of 379 patients (aged 62.9 ± 16.5 years; 55.7% men) with confirmed COVID-19 were included (49.9% white, 13.7% black, 29.8% Latinx, 3.7% Asian), of which 376 (99.2%) were insured (34.3% private, 41.2% public, 23.8% public with supplement). Latinx patients were younger, had fewer cardiopulmonary disorders, were more likely to be obese, more frequently reported fever and myalgia, and had lower D-dimer levels compared with white patients (P < .05). On multivariable analysis controlling for age, gender, obesity, cardiopulmonary comorbidities, hypertension, and diabetes, no significant differences in in-hospital mortality, intensive care unit admission, or mechanical ventilation by race/ethnicity were found. Diabetes was a significant predictor for mechanical ventilation (odds ratio [OR], 1.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11-3.23), while older age was a predictor of in-hospital mortality (OR, 4.18; 95% CI, 1.94-9.04). CONCLUSIONS: In this multicenter cohort of hospitalized COVID-19 patients in the largest health system in Massachusetts, there was no association between race/ethnicity and clinically relevant hospitalization outcomes, including in-hospital mortality, after controlling for key demographic/clinical characteristics. These findings serve to refute suggestions that certain races/ethnicities may be biologically predisposed to poorer COVID-19 outcomes.","journal":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","year":2020,"id":94387,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":38,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9633,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":233698,"name":"Kelly Hathorn","orcid":"0000-0002-5677-7383","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":233696,"name":"Walker D. Redd","orcid":"0000-0003-0908-889X","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":470135,"name":"Nicolette J. Rodriguez","orcid":"0000-0002-5685-0667","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":233697,"name":"Joyce Zhou","orcid":"0000-0001-7479-178X","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":233700,"name":"Ahmad Najdat Bazarbashi","orcid":"0000-0002-5830-9938","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":258027,"name":"Cheikh Njie","orcid":"0000-0001-5057-1344","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":258026,"name":"Danny Wong","orcid":"0000-0002-8404-4267","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":292147,"name":"Quoc‐Dien Trinh","orcid":"0000-0003-3857-9276","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":233702,"name":"Lin Shen","orcid":"0000-0001-8101-4129","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":470136,"name":"Valerie E. Stone","orcid":"0000-0001-6022-424X","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":233703,"name":"Walter W. Chan","orcid":"0000-0002-1709-8230","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":233699,"name":"Thomas R. McCarty","orcid":"0000-0003-4517-5261","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":18,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T22:32:04.778261Z","pmid":"32827436","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}