{"doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhae502","title":"The microgravity environment affects sensorimotor adaptation and its neural correlates","abstract":"The microgravity environment results in transient changes in sensorimotor behavior upon astronauts' return to Earth; the effects on behavior inflight are less understood. We examined whether adaptation to sensory conflict is disrupted in microgravity, suggesting competition for adaptive resources. We evaluated sensorimotor adaptation pre-, in-, and post-flight, as well as functional brain changes at pre- and post-flight, in astronauts participating in International Space Station missions. Astronauts (n = 13) performed this task pre- and four times post-flight within an MRI scanner and performed the task three times in microgravity during a 6-mo mission. We collected behavioral data from Earth-bound controls (n = 13) along the same timeline. Astronauts displayed no change in adaptation from pre- to inflight or following their return to Earth. They showed greater aftereffects of adaptation inflight; controls did not. Astronauts also displayed increased brain activity from pre- to post-flight. These increases did not return to baseline levels until 90 d post-flight. This pattern of brain activity may reflect compensation, allowing astronauts to maintain pre-flight performance levels. These findings indicate that microgravity does not alter short-term visuomotor adaptation; however, it does affect de-adaptation, and post-flight sensorimotor neural activation can take up to 90 d to return to pre-flight levels.","journal":"Cerebral Cortex","year":2024,"id":456991,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":6,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.948,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":311506,"name":"Kathleen E. Hupfeld","orcid":"0000-0001-5086-4841","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":311507,"name":"Heather R. McGregor","orcid":"0000-0002-3927-8996","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":736851,"name":"Linnea Banker","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":313034,"name":"Yiri E. De Dios","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":311512,"name":"Jacob J. Bloomberg","orcid":"0000-0003-2774-2699","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":456217,"name":"Patricia A. Reuter‐Lorenz","orcid":"0000-0002-6977-3429","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":313036,"name":"Ajitkumar P. Mulavara","orcid":null,"position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":311511,"name":"Scott J. Wood","orcid":"0000-0002-2603-7552","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":311513,"name":"Rachael D. Seidler","orcid":"0000-0003-2452-9024","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":669100,"name":"Grant D. Tays","orcid":"0000-0002-7503-0947","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":109,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:03:37.136946Z","pmid":"39756418","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}