{"doi":"10.1093/cdn/nzab125","title":"Estimating 24-Hour Urinary Excretion of Sodium and Potassium Is More Reliable from 24-Hour Urine Than Spot Urine Sample in a Feeding Study of US Older Postmenopausal Women","abstract":"Background Assessing estimated sodium (Na) and potassium (K) intakes derived from 24-h urinary excretions compared with a spot urine sample, if comparable, could reduce participant burden in epidemiologic and clinical studies. Objectives In a 2-week controlled-feeding study, Na and K excretions from a 24-h urine collection were compared with a first-void spot urine sample, applying established algorithms and enhanced models to estimate 24-h excretion. Actual and estimated 24-h excretions were evaluated relative to mean daily Na and K intakes in the feeding study. Methods A total of 153 older postmenopausal women ages 75.4 ± 3.5 y participated in a 2-wk controlled-feeding study with a 4-d repeating menu cycle based on their usual intake (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00000611). Of the 150 participants who provided both a first-void spot urine sample and a 24-h urine collection on the penultimate study day, statistical methods included Pearson correlations for Na and K between intake, 24-h collections, and the 24-h estimated excretions using 4 established algorithms: enhanced biomarker models by regressing ln-transformed intakes on ln-transformed 24-h excretions or ln-transformed 24-h estimated excretions plus participant characteristics and sensitivity analyses for factors potentially influencing Na or K excretion (e.g., possible kidney disease estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 ). Results Pearson correlation coefficients between Na and K intakes and actual 24-h excretions were 0.57 and 0.38–0.44 for estimated 24-h excretions, depending on electrolyte and algorithm used. Enhanced biomarker model cross-validated R 2 (CVR 2 ) for 24-h excretions were 38.5% (Na), 40.2% (K), and 42.0% (Na/K). After excluding participants with possible kidney disease, the CVR 2 values were 43.2% (Na), 40.2% (K), and 38.1% (Na/K). Conclusions Twenty-four-hour urine excretion measurement performs better than estimated 24-h excretion from a spot urine as a biomarker for Na and K intake among a sample of primarily White postmenopausal women.","journal":"Current Developments in Nutrition","year":2021,"id":208954,"datarank":0.19329230633290365,"base_score":1.0986122886681096,"endowment":1.0986122886681096,"self_citation_contribution":0.16479184330021646,"citation_network_contribution":0.028500463032687193,"self_endowment_contribution":0.16479184330021646,"citer_contribution":0.028500463032687193,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":2,"citer_count":1,"citers_with_citation_signal":1,"citers_with_endowment":1,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9514,"is_data_producer":true,"deposit_databanks":{"ClinicalTrials.gov":["NCT00000611"]},"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":394416,"name":"Ying Huang","orcid":"0000-0002-9655-7502","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":243121,"name":"Karen Johnson","orcid":"0000-0002-3493-4077","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":504749,"name":"Laura Carbone","orcid":"0000-0003-1007-5949","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":243123,"name":"Linda Snetselaar","orcid":"0000-0002-6615-0779","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":37775,"name":"Linda Van Horn","orcid":"0000-0002-1362-5806","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":11268,"name":"JoAnn E. Manson","orcid":"0000-0002-9426-7595","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":281196,"name":"Simin Liu","orcid":"0000-0003-2098-3844","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":243119,"name":"Yasmin Mossavar‐Rahmani","orcid":"0000-0002-9214-6124","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":243126,"name":"Ross L. Prentice","orcid":"0000-0003-2849-5757","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":252206,"name":"Johanna W. Lampe","orcid":"0000-0003-2717-3780","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":27761,"name":"Marian L. Neuhouser","orcid":"0000-0002-3876-0000","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":342795,"name":"Lesley F. Tinker","orcid":"0000-0003-2469-1929","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":54,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:52:01.526969Z","pmid":"34761160","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}