{"doi":"10.1093/bjd/ljad428","title":"<i>In utero</i> or early-in-life exposure to antibiotics and the risk of childhood atopic dermatitis, a population-based cohort study","abstract":"BACKGROUND: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory disease of the skin that begins early in life and can be lifelong. The purpose of our study was to evaluate whether fetal exposure and/or early-life exposure of a child to antibiotics increases the risk of early-onset AD. OBJECTIVES: We hypothesize that antibiotic exposure in utero or early in life (e.g. first 90 days) increases the likelihood that children develop AD. METHODS: Utilizing a large, prospectively collected electronic medical records database, we studied the association of antibiotic exposure received in utero or very early in life and the relative risk of onset of AD in a population-based cohort study. Associations were estimated using proportional hazards models as hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: The risk of AD in childhood was increased after in utero or early-life antibiotic exposure. For any in utero antibiotic exposure the HR (CI) was 1.38 (1.36-1.39). However, penicillin demonstrated the strongest association with AD for both in utero exposure [1.43 (1.41-1.44)] and for childhood exposure [1.81 (1.79-1.82)]. HRs were higher in children born to mothers without AD than in those with AD pointing to effect modification by maternal AD status. CONCLUSIONS: Children born to mothers exposed to antibiotics while in utero had, depending on the mother's history of AD, approximately a 20-40% increased risk of developing AD. Depending on the antibiotic, children who received antibiotics early in life had a 40-80% increased risk of developing AD. Our study supports and refines the association between incident AD and antibiotic administration. It also adds population-based support to therapeutic attempts to treat AD by modifying the skin microbiome.","journal":"British Journal of Dermatology","year":2023,"id":337735,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":18,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9678,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":109441,"name":"Nandita Mitra","orcid":"0000-0002-7714-3910","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1069659,"name":"Domenica Del Pozo","orcid":"0009-0001-8061-2810","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":776277,"name":"Ole Hoffstad","orcid":"0000-0002-0261-903X","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":109443,"name":"Daniel B. Shin","orcid":"0000-0002-4974-2561","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":48848,"name":"Sinéad Langan","orcid":"0000-0002-7022-7441","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":663742,"name":"Irene Petersen","orcid":"0000-0002-0037-7524","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":513570,"name":"Ketaki Bhate","orcid":"0000-0001-5509-4428","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":276882,"name":"David J. Margolis","orcid":"0000-0002-0506-8085","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1021312,"name":"Zelma C. Chiesa Fuxench","orcid":"0000-0003-0023-4176","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":54,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:10:31.133446Z","pmid":"37897530","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}