{"doi":"10.1093/bioinformatics/btad655","title":"Next-generation phenotyping: introducing phecodeX for enhanced discovery research in medical phenomics","abstract":"MOTIVATION: Phecodes are widely used and easily adapted phenotypes based on International Classification of Diseases codes. The current version of phecodes (v1.2) was designed primarily to study common/complex diseases diagnosed in adults; however, there are numerous limitations in the codes and their structure. RESULTS: Here, we present phecodeX, an expanded version of phecodes with a revised structure and 1,761 new codes. PhecodeX adds granularity to phenotypes in key disease domains that are under-represented in the current phecode structure-including infectious disease, pregnancy, congenital anomalies, and neonatology-and is a more robust representation of the medical phenome for global use in discovery research. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: phecodeX is available at https://github.com/PheWAS/phecodeX.","journal":"Bioinformatics","year":2023,"id":319049,"datarank":1.076873507011516,"base_score":4.0943445622221,"endowment":4.0943445622221,"self_citation_contribution":0.6141516843333151,"citation_network_contribution":0.462721822678201,"self_endowment_contribution":0.6141516843333151,"citer_contribution":0.462721822678201,"corpus_percentile":81.17119207859518,"corpus_rank":2435,"citation_count":59,"citer_count":48,"citers_with_citation_signal":19,"citers_with_endowment":19,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":true,"is_dataset_confidence":0.8138,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":54.1667,"fair_percentile":68.66401712014674,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1027187,"name":"William W. Stead","orcid":"0000-0002-5048-9540","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":400979,"name":"Ida Aka","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":504542,"name":"April Barnado","orcid":"0000-0002-9573-4335","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":312491,"name":"Julie A. Bastarache","orcid":"0000-0003-0458-6507","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":308559,"name":"Elly Brokamp","orcid":"0000-0002-2722-2856","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1027659,"name":"Meredith S. Campbell","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":251747,"name":"Robert J. Carroll","orcid":"0000-0003-3802-8183","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":978551,"name":"Jeffrey A Goldstein","orcid":null,"position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":719689,"name":"Adam Lewis","orcid":"0009-0003-9544-3444","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":390164,"name":"Beth A. Malow","orcid":"0000-0002-1624-7636","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":405424,"name":"Jonathan D. Mosley","orcid":"0000-0001-6421-2887","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":501473,"name":"Travis Osterman","orcid":"0000-0002-2841-8121","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1027660,"name":"Dolly Ann Padovani-Claudio","orcid":null,"position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":279182,"name":"Andrea H. Ramirez","orcid":"0000-0002-6460-0182","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1110,"name":"Dan M. Roden","orcid":"0000-0002-6302-0389","position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":264684,"name":"Bryce Schuler","orcid":"0000-0001-9111-3702","position":16,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":249668,"name":"Edward D. Siew","orcid":"0000-0003-1343-8784","position":17,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":104335,"name":"Jennifer M. S. Sucre","orcid":"0000-0002-6613-1439","position":18,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":434143,"name":"Isaac Thomsen","orcid":"0000-0001-9240-0164","position":19,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":921462,"name":"Rory J. Tinker","orcid":"0000-0001-7093-8844","position":20,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":235375,"name":"Sara L. Van Driest","orcid":"0000-0003-2580-1405","position":21,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":260167,"name":"Colin G. Walsh","orcid":"0000-0002-9379-2056","position":22,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":105190,"name":"Jeremy L. Warner","orcid":"0000-0002-2851-7242","position":23,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":16591,"name":"Quinn S. Wells","orcid":"0000-0003-3899-0313","position":24,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":384865,"name":"Lee Wheless","orcid":"0000-0002-8162-5971","position":25,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":31022,"name":"Lisa Bastarache","orcid":null,"position":26,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":11245,"name":"Megan M. Shuey","orcid":"0000-0003-2866-3562","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":26,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:07:06.454099Z","pmid":"37930895","pmcid":"PMC10627409","fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":72.2222,"fair_a":75.0,"fair_i":40.0,"fair_r":50.0,"fair_zscore":0.7804,"fair_rationale":{"fair_score":54.17,"has_llm":true,"taxonomy_version":"fair_taxonomy_v5","dimensions":{"F":{"name":"Findable","score":72.22,"criteria":[{"key":"f_dataset_pid","label":"Persistent identifier for the data","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.5,"verdict":"partial","evidence":"phecodeX is available at https://github.com/PheWAS/phecodeX","grounded":true,"rationale":"The identifier is a URL (GitHub), not a persistent identifier scheme such as a DOI or Handle.","anchors":["RDA-F1-01D — FAIR Data Maturity Model: 'Data is identified by a persistent identifier' (priorit","RDA-F1-02D — FAIR Data Maturity Model: 'Data is identified by a globally unique identifier'","FsF-F1-02D — F-UJI/FAIRsFAIR: 'Data is assigned a persistent identifier'"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"f_repository_named","label":"Named repository","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.5,"verdict":"partial","evidence":"phecodeX is available at https://github.com/PheWAS/phecodeX","grounded":true,"rationale":"GitHub is a code-hosting platform, not a curated data repository listed in re3data/FAIRsharing.","anchors":["RDA-F4-01M — FAIR Data Maturity Model: metadata is offered so it can be harvested and indexed (","NIH DMS Policy Element 4 (NOT-OD-21-014) — name the repository where data will be archived","NSTC Desirable Characteristics of Data Repositories (2022) — 'Long-Term Sustainability', 'Reten"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"f_data_availability_statement","label":"Data-availability statement","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":1.0,"verdict":"yes","evidence":"PhecodeX is available on GitHub ( https://github.com/PheWAS/phecodeX ) including mapping files to support ICD-CM and the WHO standard ICD-10.","grounded":true,"rationale":"The data-availability statement points to a public repository (GitHub) with a persistent link (URL). [majority verdict 'yes' (4/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["Colavizza, Hrynaszkiewicz, Staden, Whitaker & McGillivray (2020), 'The citation advantage of li","Springer Nature research data policy — Data Availability Statements: standard statement templat","RDA-F3-01M — metadata clearly and explicitly includes the identifier of the data it describes"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"f_discovery_metadata","label":"Description of the dataset as an object","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":1.0,"verdict":"yes","evidence":"A description of the 3612 phecodes that constitute phecodeX is available in Supplementary Table S2","grounded":true,"rationale":"The paper provides an itemised inventory of the data in a supplementary table. [majority verdict 'yes' (4/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["RDA-F2-01M — 'Rich metadata is provided to allow discovery' (priority Essential)","FsF-F2-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata includes descriptive core elements to support data findability'","FsF-R1-01MD — F-UJI: 'Metadata specifies the content of the data'"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"f_dataset_cited","label":"Dataset formally cited","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.5,"verdict":"partial","evidence":"phecodeX is available at https://github.com/PheWAS/phecodeX","grounded":true,"rationale":"The dataset identifier (GitHub URL) appears only in the body text, not in the reference list.","anchors":["FORCE11 Joint Declaration of Data Citation Principles (2014) — data should be cited as a first-","RDA-F3-01M — metadata clearly and explicitly includes the identifier of the data it describes","FsF-F3-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata includes the identifier of the data it describes'"],"scored":true,"signal":null}]},"A":{"name":"Accessible","score":75.0,"criteria":[{"key":"a_data_openly_accessible","label":"Access route free of preconditions","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":1.0,"verdict":"yes","evidence":"phecodeX is available at https://github.com/PheWAS/phecodeX","grounded":true,"rationale":"The data are publicly accessible on GitHub with no stated precondition.","anchors":["RDA-A1.1-01D — 'Data is accessible through a free access protocol'","FsF-A1-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata contains access level and access conditions of the data'","NSTC Desirable Characteristics of Data Repositories (2022) — 'Free and Easy Access'"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"a_access_conditions_stated","label":"Access level labelled","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.5,"verdict":"partial","evidence":"PhecodeX is available at https://github.com/PheWAS/phecodeX","grounded":true,"rationale":"The paper describes an access action (the URL) but does not apply an explicit access-level label such as 'open access' or 'publicly available'. [majority verdict 'partial' (3/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["FsF-A1-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata contains access level and access conditions of the data'","RDA-A1-01M — metadata contains information to enable the user to get access to the data","COAR Controlled Vocabularies — Access Rights v1.0 (open / embargoed / restricted / metadata-onl"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"a_controlled_access_for_sensitive","label":"Gatekeeper for sensitive data","kind":"llm","weight":0.5,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"The data are not sensitive and no gatekeeper is named.","anchors":["NIH Genomic Data Sharing Policy (NOT-OD-14-124) — controlled-access via a Data Access Committee","RDA-A1.2-01D — 'Data is accessible through an access protocol that supports authentication and ","NIH DMS Policy Element 5 (NOT-OD-21-014) — Access, Distribution, or Reuse Considerations (conse"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"a_timeline_retention","label":"Availability timing & retention","kind":"llm","weight":0.5,"fraction":1.0,"verdict":"yes","evidence":"Each version of PhecodeX will be archived and receive its own version number","grounded":true,"rationale":"The paper commits to archiving each version, which is a persistence claim. [majority verdict 'yes' (3/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["NIH DMS Plan Element 4 (NOT-OD-21-014) — Data Preservation, Access, and Associated Timelines","NSTC Desirable Characteristics (2022), Organizational Infrastructure: 'Retention Policy'","RDA-A2-01M — 'Metadata is guaranteed to remain available after data is no longer available'"],"scored":false,"signal":null}]},"I":{"name":"Interoperable","score":40.0,"criteria":[{"key":"i_open_nonproprietary_format","label":"Open file format","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"No file format token is named in the text for the released data.","anchors":["FsF-R1.3-02D — F-UJI: 'Data is available in a file format recommended by the target research co","RDA-R1.3-02D — data is expressed in a machine-understandable community standard","RDA-I1-01D — data uses a knowledge representation expressed in a standardised format"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"i_community_standard_vocabulary","label":"Community standard / vocabulary","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":1.0,"verdict":"yes","evidence":"PhecodeX was developed using ICD clinical modification (CM), a US extension of the ICD codes defined by the World Health Organization (WHO).","grounded":true,"rationale":"ICD is a community standard controlled vocabulary. [majority verdict 'yes' (4/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["RDA-R1.3-01M — 'Metadata complies with a community standard' (priority Essential)","RDA-R1.3-01D — 'Data complies with a community standard'","RDA-I2-01M — '(Meta)data use vocabularies that follow FAIR principles'"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"i_qualified_references","label":"Identifiers for the resources the data depend on","kind":"llm","weight":0.5,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"No identifier for a resource other than the paper's own dataset appears in the text.","anchors":["RDA-I3-01M — '(meta)data include references to other (meta)data'","RDA-I3-03M — 'metadata includes qualified references to other metadata'","FsF-I3-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata includes links between the data and its related entities'"],"scored":false,"signal":null}]},"R":{"name":"Reusable","score":50.0,"criteria":[{"key":"r_reuse_license","label":"Reuse licence","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"No license is named for the data in the text.","anchors":["RDA-R1.1-01M — 'Metadata includes information about the licence under which the data can be reu","RDA-R1.1-02M — 'Metadata refers to a standard reuse licence'","RDA-R1.1-03M — 'Metadata refers to a machine-understandable reuse licence'"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"r_provenance_methods","label":"Provenance of the data","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.5,"verdict":"partial","evidence":"PhecodeX was created via manual curation in consultation with 22 clinicians.","grounded":true,"rationale":"The methods are described in generic terms without naming specific instruments or software versions.","anchors":["RDA-R1.2-01M — 'Metadata includes provenance information according to community- specific standa","FsF-R1.2-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata includes provenance information about data creation or generati","W3C PROV-O (W3C Recommendation, 2013) — the entity/activity/agent model of provenance"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"r_documentation_codebook","label":"Documentation / codebook","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.5,"verdict":"partial","evidence":"A description of the 3612 phecodes that constitute phecodeX is available in Supplementary Table S2","grounded":true,"rationale":"The definitions are provided inside the article's supplementary table, not in a file that travels with the data.","anchors":["RDA-R1-01M — '(Meta)data are richly described with a plurality of accurate and relevant attribu","FsF-R1-01MD — F-UJI: 'Metadata specifies the content of the data'","NIH DMS Policy Element 3 (NOT-OD-21-014) — Standards (documentation and metadata to accompany t"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"r_versioning","label":"Snapshot identified","kind":"llm","weight":0.5,"fraction":1.0,"verdict":"yes","evidence":"The version described in this article is 1.001","grounded":true,"rationale":"A version token is explicitly stated.","anchors":["DataCite Metadata Schema 4.6 — the 'Version' property","RDA-R1.2-01M — provenance information (which version was used is provenance)","NSTC Desirable Characteristics of Data Repositories (2022) — 'Provenance', 'Retention Policy'"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"x_code_availability","label":"Analysis code available","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":1.0,"verdict":"yes","evidence":"PhecodeX is available on GitHub ( https://github.com/PheWAS/phecodeX )","grounded":true,"rationale":"A machine-resolvable code-forge URL is given for the study's own code.","anchors":["NIH DMS Policy Element 2 (NOT-OD-21-014) — 'Related Tools, Software and/or Code'","FAIR4RS Principles v1.0 (Chue Hong et al., 2022; RDA/FORCE11/ReSA) — FAIR Principles for Resear","FORCE11 Software Citation Principles (Smith, Katz & Niemeyer, 2016, PeerJ CS 2:e86)"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"x_funding_attribution","label":"Funder and award number","kind":"llm","weight":0.5,"fraction":1.0,"verdict":"yes","evidence":"This work was supported by the National Library of Medicine [R01LM010685] and the National Human Genome Research Institute [R01HG012657].","grounded":true,"rationale":"Award numbers are provided for the funders.","anchors":["DataCite Metadata Schema 4.6 — 'FundingReference' property (funderName, funderIdentifier, award","Crossref Funder Registry — canonical funder identifiers for funding metadata","RDA-F2-01M — rich metadata provided to allow discovery (funding is part of the descriptive reco"],"scored":true,"signal":null}]}},"actions":[{"key":"r_reuse_license","dimension":"R","label":"Reuse licence","action":"Attach a standard, machine-readable open licence to the deposit — CC0 or CC BY, which is what Horizon Europe and most funders expect — and print the licence identifier in the paper. 'Free to use' is not a licence: it grants nothing a reuser's institution can rely on.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No license is named for the data in the text.","gain":16.67,"priority":"essential","scored":true},{"key":"f_dataset_pid","dimension":"F","label":"Persistent identifier for the data","action":"Mint or cite a persistent identifier for the dataset — a repository DOI or an accession from a registered repository — and print it in the paper. A bare URL is not persistent: it is the single most common cause of a dead data link five years after publication. For neuroimaging data, deposit in OpenNeuro or NeuroVault.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"partial","current":0.5,"evidence":"phecodeX is available at https://github.com/PheWAS/phecodeX","why":"The identifier is a URL (GitHub), not a persistent identifier scheme such as a DOI or Handle.","gain":8.33,"priority":"essential","scored":true},{"key":"f_repository_named","dimension":"F","label":"Named repository","action":"Deposit the data in a repository registered in re3data/FAIRsharing (a domain repository such as GEO, SRA, dbGaP, PRIDE, or a generalist such as Zenodo, Dryad, Dataverse) and name it explicitly in the paper. A lab website is not an archive: it has no retention commitment and no accession. For neuroimaging data, deposit in OpenNeuro or NeuroVault.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"partial","current":0.5,"evidence":"phecodeX is available at https://github.com/PheWAS/phecodeX","why":"GitHub is a code-hosting platform, not a curated data repository listed in re3data/FAIRsharing.","gain":8.33,"priority":"essential","scored":true},{"key":"i_open_nonproprietary_format","dimension":"I","label":"Open file format","action":"Release the data in an open, community-standard format (CSV/TSV, JSON, HDF5, NetCDF, FASTQ, VCF, NIfTI…) instead of — or alongside — any proprietary or instrument-native format, and name the format in the paper. A dataset that needs a €2,000 licence to open is not reusable. Prefer open neuroimaging formats such as NIfTI or BIDS.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No file format token is named in the text for the released data.","gain":8.33,"priority":"important","scored":true},{"key":"f_dataset_cited","dimension":"F","label":"Dataset formally cited","action":"Cite the dataset in the reference list like a publication — creator, year, title, repository, DOI/accession — and cite it in-text where it is used. Only a reference- list entry is machine-readable to Crossref/DataCite, and only a citation lets the data earn credit. Cite the neuroimaging repository accession (e.g. from OpenNeuro or NeuroVault) in the reference list.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"partial","current":0.5,"evidence":"phecodeX is available at https://github.com/PheWAS/phecodeX","why":"The dataset identifier (GitHub URL) appears only in the body text, not in the reference list.","gain":4.17,"priority":"important","scored":true},{"key":"a_access_conditions_stated","dimension":"A","label":"Access level labelled","action":"State the access level in words, using the standard vocabulary: 'These data are open access' / 'These data are controlled access'. A reader — and a harvester — should not have to infer the access level from the presence of a download link.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"partial","current":0.5,"evidence":"PhecodeX is available at https://github.com/PheWAS/phecodeX","why":"The paper describes an access action (the URL) but does not apply an explicit access-level label such as 'open access' or 'publicly available'. [majority verdict 'partial' (3/5 passes agreed)]","gain":0.0,"priority":"important","scored":false},{"key":"r_provenance_methods","dimension":"R","label":"Provenance of the data","action":"Name the instruments, kits, and software — with versions — that produced the data, not just the verbs. 'Reads were aligned' is not provenance; 'aligned with STAR v2.7.9a to GRCh38' is, because someone else can rerun it.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"partial","current":0.5,"evidence":"PhecodeX was created via manual curation in consultation with 22 clinicians.","why":"The methods are described in generic terms without naming specific instruments or software versions.","gain":0.0,"priority":"important","scored":false},{"key":"r_documentation_codebook","dimension":"R","label":"Documentation / codebook","action":"Ship a README and a data dictionary IN the deposit — every file, every variable, its units, its allowed values, its missing-value codes. It is the cheapest single thing that makes a dataset usable by someone who was not in the lab, and a table buried in the article does not travel with the data.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"partial","current":0.5,"evidence":"A description of the 3612 phecodes that constitute phecodeX is available in Supplementary Table S2","why":"The definitions are provided inside the article's supplementary table, not in a file that travels with the data.","gain":0.0,"priority":"important","scored":false},{"key":"a_controlled_access_for_sensitive","dimension":"A","label":"Gatekeeper for sensitive data","action":"Route sensitive data through an institutional gatekeeper — deposit in a controlled- access repository (dbGaP, EGA) with a Data Access Committee and a published DUA — rather than through the corresponding author's inbox. An author-gated dataset dies with the author's email address, and 'on reasonable request' has been shown repeatedly not to yield data.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"The data are not sensitive and no gatekeeper is named.","gain":0.0,"priority":"useful","scored":false},{"key":"i_qualified_references","dimension":"I","label":"Identifiers for the resources the data depend on","action":"Cite by identifier every resource the data depend on — the source datasets' accessions, the reference build (GRCh38 / GCA_000001405.28), the cohort application number, the code DOI — and register those relations on the dataset record (IsDerivedFrom, IsSupplementTo). A name is not a link: it cannot be resolved, versioned, or followed by a machine.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No identifier for a resource other than the paper's own dataset appears in the text.","gain":0.0,"priority":"useful","scored":false}],"suggestions":["Attach a standard, machine-readable open licence to the deposit — CC0 or CC BY, which is what Horizon Europe and most funders expect — and print the licence identifier in the paper. 'Free to use' is not a licence: it grants nothing a reuser's institution can rely on.","Mint or cite a persistent identifier for the dataset — a repository DOI or an accession from a registered repository — and print it in the paper. A bare URL is not persistent: it is the single most common cause of a dead data link five years after publication. For neuroimaging data, deposit in OpenNeuro or NeuroVault.","Deposit the data in a repository registered in re3data/FAIRsharing (a domain repository such as GEO, SRA, dbGaP, PRIDE, or a generalist such as Zenodo, Dryad, Dataverse) and name it explicitly in the paper. A lab website is not an archive: it has no retention commitment and no accession. For neuroimaging data, deposit in OpenNeuro or NeuroVault.","Release the data in an open, community-standard format (CSV/TSV, JSON, HDF5, NetCDF, FASTQ, VCF, NIfTI…) instead of — or alongside — any proprietary or instrument-native format, and name the format in the paper. A dataset that needs a €2,000 licence to open is not reusable. Prefer open neuroimaging formats such as NIfTI or BIDS.","Cite the dataset in the reference list like a publication — creator, year, title, repository, DOI/accession — and cite it in-text where it is used. Only a reference- list entry is machine-readable to Crossref/DataCite, and only a citation lets the data earn credit. Cite the neuroimaging repository accession (e.g. from OpenNeuro or NeuroVault) in the reference list."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash","agent_version":"fair_agent_v8","fulltext_source":"epmc_xml"},"fair_model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash","fair_agent_version":"fair_agent_v8","fair_fulltext_source":"epmc_xml","fair_has_llm":true,"fair_computed_at":"2026-07-20T11:15:59.751438Z","clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}