{"doi":"10.1093/ajh/hpae011","title":"Association of Variability and Hypertensive Loads in 24-h Blood Pressure With Mortality and Cardiovascular Risk","abstract":"BACKGROUND: Evidence shows that high 24-h blood pressure (BP) variability increases cardiovascular risk. We investigated whether 24-h BP variability relates to mortality and cardiovascular risk due to inherent variability and/or hypertensive loads in 24-h BP. METHODS: A total of 1,050 participants from the Maracaibo Aging Study (mean age, 66 years; women, 67.2%) underwent 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring and were followed between 2001 and 2016. To evaluate inherent BP variability, we used average real variability (ARV) as it captures variability among consecutive BP readings. 24-h systolic BP load was the proportion (%) of systolic BP readings ≥130 mm Hg during the daytime and ≥110 during the nighttime. Our primary endpoint was total mortality and major adverse cardiovascular endpoints (MACE). Statistics included Cox proportional models. RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 8.3 years, 299 participants died and 210 experienced MACE. Each +2 mm Hg (corresponding to 1-standard deviation) higher 24-h systolic ARV (mean value, 9.0 ± 2.0 mm Hg) was associated with higher hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality by 1.28-fold (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14-1.43) and for MACE by 1.24-fold (95% CI, 1.08-1.42). Each 30% higher 24-h systolic BP load (median value, 63%) was associated with mortality and MACE with HRs of 1.29 (95% CI, 1.15-1.46) and 1.28 (95% CI, 1.10-1.48); respectively. After models were additionally adjusted by BP level, only ARV was associated with mortality (HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.04-1.33) and MACE (HR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.00-1.34). CONCLUSIONS: High ARV and hypertensive loads in 24-h systolic BP were associated with mortality and cardiovascular risk, however, only ARV is associated independently of the BP level.","journal":"American Journal of Hypertension","year":2024,"id":457136,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":5,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.8735,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1281209,"name":"Dhrumil Patil","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":535092,"name":"Luis J. Mena","orcid":"0000-0002-3244-0129","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1280754,"name":"Kristina Vatcheva","orcid":"0000-0002-7260-2524","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":996505,"name":"José García","orcid":"0009-0000-2703-0777","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":245362,"name":"Claudia L. Satizábal","orcid":"0000-0002-1115-4430","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":535090,"name":"Carlos Chávez","orcid":"0000-0002-6045-2282","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":825035,"name":"Rosa V. Pirela","orcid":"0000-0002-9019-2768","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":761475,"name":"Eglé Silva","orcid":null,"position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":535821,"name":"Gustavo Calmón","orcid":null,"position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":270463,"name":"Joseph H. Lee","orcid":"0000-0002-2000-4821","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":535093,"name":"Joseph D. Terwilliger","orcid":"0000-0003-2169-2010","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":17639,"name":"Sudha Seshadri","orcid":"0000-0001-6135-2622","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":535095,"name":"Gladys E. Maestre","orcid":"0000-0002-0020-8042","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":334020,"name":"Jesús D. Melgarejo","orcid":"0000-0002-1382-1153","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":34,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:03:37.136946Z","pmid":"38294177","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}