{"doi":"10.1093/ajeadv/uuaf009","title":"Critical windows of gestational exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and pregnancy loss in New Jersey, United States","abstract":"Abstract Studies suggest air pollution impacts on birth outcomes such as birthweight and preterm birth, but evidence is limited for pregnancy loss. This time-series analysis assessed the impacts of exposure to weekly concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on pregnancy loss, using live birth-identified conceptions (LBIC) as a proxy, and the critical window of vulnerability from the last menstrual period to 40 gestational weeks. The number of LBIC for each week for all 21 counties was calculated for the last menstrual period from January 1, 2000 to April 3, 2016, using the birth certificate data in New Jersey (n = 1 179 217). Population-weighted county-level weekly PM2.5 levels were estimated using modeled air quality data. Multivariable quasi-Poisson regression models combined with a distributed lag nonlinear model, adjusted for time trends and meteorological factors, were used to estimate relative risks (RRs) of LBIC counts for 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 weekly exposure. We found increasing risks of pregnancy loss (ie, RR < 1) for exposure increases. The lag-specific results showed the highest associations during the 21st gestational week (RR = 0.993, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.990-0.995). Given the previous findings of 10%-50% loss of all conceptions, a 10 μg/m3 increase in exposure during 0–40 gestational weeks would contribute to 5.2 (95% CI, 3.9, 6.6) to 9.3 (95% CI, 7.1, 11.9) pregnancy losses per 1000 conceptions per week. These findings have important implications for exposure–response relationships between PM2.5 and pregnancy loss throughout gestation, which can inform public health policies for the adverse health effects of air pollution on fetal health and pregnancy loss.","journal":"AJE Advances Research in Epidemiology","year":2025,"id":575424,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":0,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9549,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":691095,"name":"Michael Leung","orcid":"0000-0003-4831-9566","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1348052,"name":"Marianthi Anna Kioumourtzoglou","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":22390,"name":"Michelle L. Bell","orcid":"0000-0002-3965-1359","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":304587,"name":"Seulkee Heo","orcid":"0000-0002-0786-5002","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":35,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:57:48.486077Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}