{"doi":"10.1093/aje/kwaf271","title":"Optimizing the sensitivity of detection of respiratory syncytial virus infections in longitudinal studies using the combination of weekly sample testing and biannual serology","abstract":"Cohort studies are often challenged by incomplete adherence to sampling regimens, limiting the full capture of disease burden. We describe the detection of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections achieved in a birth cohort using a combination of weekly nasal sample testing and serology. The Pediatric Respiratory and Enteric Viral Acquisition and Immunogenesis Longitudinal Cohort followed 245 maternal-child dyads from birth to age 18 to 24 months. Weekly mid-turbinate nasal swabs were tested for RSV using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Serum was tested for RSV pre-fusion F IgG and IgA antibody at age 6 weeks and biannually from 6 to 24 months. Mixed effects classification and regression trees identified antibody thresholds consistent with a RT-qPCR-identified RSV infection using a subset of participants having ≥90% weekly sample adherence (n = 53, 21%). Resulting thresholds were applied to participants with either ≥70% of weekly samples or serum at age 18 to 24 months (n = 194, 79%). Incidence rates were compared using Fisher's exact test. Classification and regression trees identified a log10 change in IgG > 0.32 or IgA > 0.20 as indicative of an RSV infection. Comparing RT-qPCR-only to a combination of RT-qPCR and serology, RSV cumulative incidence (49% vs 75%, P < .001) and incidence rate (0.33 vs 0.71 infections/child-year, P < .001) increased; these rates did not differ from those calculated in those with ≥90% sample adherence.","journal":"American Journal of Epidemiology","year":2025,"id":584743,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":0,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9626,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":236977,"name":"Daniel C. Payne","orcid":"0000-0002-5871-911X","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1483231,"name":"Maria Deza Leon","orcid":"0000-0003-0245-2177","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":256481,"name":"Monica Epperson","orcid":"0000-0003-1125-5247","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":243250,"name":"Melissa M. Coughlin","orcid":"0000-0003-1843-6251","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":979156,"name":"Allison R Burrell","orcid":"0000-0002-2271-8430","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":310342,"name":"Claire P. Mattison","orcid":"0000-0001-8558-8779","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1221015,"name":"Rachel M Burke","orcid":null,"position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":242136,"name":"Julia M. Baker","orcid":"0000-0001-7872-316X","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":225078,"name":"Natalie J. Thornburg","orcid":"0000-0003-3523-3616","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":619231,"name":"Meredith McMorrow","orcid":"0000-0001-6363-4033","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":236964,"name":"Mary Allen Staat","orcid":"0000-0003-1788-8037","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":550150,"name":"Ardythe L. Morrow","orcid":"0000-0002-1126-4525","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":979155,"name":"Shannon C Conrey","orcid":"0000-0003-3715-5842","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:59:16.166424Z","pmid":"41360520","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}