{"doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae444","title":"Reparations for African enslavement in the United States and Black survival using the panel study of income dynamics","abstract":"Activists, policymakers, and scholars increasingly have advocated for reparations payments to Black Americans to redress the harms of enslavement and discriminatory practices that followed. This study examined the effects of a hypothetical monetary reparations intervention on all-cause premature and overall mortality among Black adults in the United States. We used the Black-white wealth gap to calculate monetary costs, modeling the effects of wealth influxes of $905 426.10 (in 2019 USD) to each Black household (the amount necessary to eliminate the mean Black-white wealth gap), distributed over 10 years. We applied a target trial emulation framework to data in the Panel Study on Income Dynamics (n = 16 010). Each Black household head or spouse/partner was followed from baseline until death, incomplete follow-up, 18 years after baseline, or the end of follow-up in 2019, whichever occurred first. Using the g-formula to account for time-fixed and time-varying confounders, we found a 29% reduction in premature mortality and a 25.6% reduction in overall mortality among Black adults under the reparations intervention. Our findings provide evidence that reparations are a lifesaving and justice-promoting social policy that could significantly contribute to efforts to eliminate health inequities. This article is part of a Special Collection on Methods in Social Epidemiology.","journal":"American Journal of Epidemiology","year":2024,"id":461751,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":3,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9515,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":337119,"name":"Jaquelyn L. Jahn","orcid":"0000-0002-1346-6331","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1061385,"name":"Joy Shi","orcid":"0000-0002-4234-7999","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1154511,"name":"Kathryn E. W. Himmelstein","orcid":"0000-0002-6631-9781","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1109358,"name":"Justin M. Feldman","orcid":"0000-0002-8316-1947","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":709237,"name":"Natalia Linos","orcid":"0000-0002-3947-3097","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":660275,"name":"Mary T. Bassett","orcid":"0000-0002-7810-4163","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1224827,"name":"Jourdyn A. Lawrence","orcid":"0000-0003-4162-9860","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":35,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:04:16.410510Z","pmid":"39673191","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}