{"doi":"10.1093/aje/kwad084","title":"Cole et al. Respond to “Combining Information From Diverse Sources”","abstract":"In his commentary, Dahabreh (1) described a broad landscape of study designs and challenges to be met.We illustrated 2 cases as an entryway into that landscape (2).We say that fusion study designs combine data from more than one source to provide better answers.As Dahabreh stated, in particular cases \"better\" might refer to identification, estimability, robustness, or efficiency (1).To reinforce the point that fusion designs and estimators are highly adaptable, here we present a third case.We close by introducing the concept of \"learning\" functions, which may help explicate the enlarged set of identification conditions in fusion study designs.","journal":"American Journal of Epidemiology","year":2023,"id":406427,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":0,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.95,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":352751,"name":"Jessie K. Edwards","orcid":"0000-0002-1741-335X","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":329430,"name":"Alexander Breskin","orcid":"0000-0001-5568-2510","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":130928,"name":"Samuel Rosin","orcid":"0000-0002-8089-4133","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":289327,"name":"Paul N. Zivich","orcid":"0000-0002-9932-1095","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":334760,"name":"Bonnie E. Shook‐Sa","orcid":"0000-0001-9506-4047","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":130929,"name":"Michael G. Hudgens","orcid":"0000-0002-9106-4194","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":329432,"name":"Stephen R. Cole","orcid":"0000-0003-2117-1311","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":4,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:21:03.432924Z","pmid":"37067469","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}