{"doi":"10.1093/ajcp/aqae126","title":"Culture and other direct detection methods to diagnose human granulocytic anaplasmosis","abstract":"OBJECTIVES: We sought to assess the performance of 3 laboratory tests on blood specimens for direct detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum, the cause of human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA), in patients tested at a single medical institution in New York State. METHODS: Direct tests included microscopic blood smear examination for intragranulocytic inclusions, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and culture using the HL-60 cell line. The HGA cases testing positive by only 1 direct test were not included, unless HGA was confirmed by acute or convalescent serology using an indirect immunofluorescent assay. RESULTS: From 1997 to 2009, 71 patients with HGA were diagnosed by at least 1 of the 3 direct test methods. For the subgroup of 55 patients who were tested using all 3 methods, culture was positive for 90.9% (50/55) vs 81.8% (45/55) for PCR vs 63.6% (35/55) for blood smear (P =.002). Most cultures (79.3%) were detected as positive within 1 week of incubation. CONCLUSIONS: Although using culture to detect A phagocytophilum is likely not amenable for implementation in most hospital laboratories, in our experience, culture had the highest yield among the direct tests evaluated.","journal":"American Journal of Clinical Pathology","year":2024,"id":469250,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":3,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9652,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1302989,"name":"Lois Zentmaier","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":731148,"name":"Dionysios Liveris","orcid":"0000-0002-4210-8090","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":772850,"name":"Paul Visintainer","orcid":"0000-0002-2491-1242","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":330728,"name":"Ira Schwartz","orcid":"0000-0001-8373-2159","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":499624,"name":"J. Stephen Dumler","orcid":"0000-0002-8476-1311","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":111948,"name":"Gary P. Wormser","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":310995,"name":"Maria E. Aguero‐Rosenfeld","orcid":"0000-0002-1994-367X","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":38,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:05:28.027781Z","pmid":"39305492","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}